Bot-Lab (Sem-1) - Exercise 3: Fungi

kingdom mycetae/fungj

types of eukaryotic organisms characterized by the presence of chitinous cell wall chemically made up of β-4 linkages of N-acetylglucosamine; ergosterol in cell membrane instead of cholesterol

β-4 linkages of N-acetylglucosamine

chemical make up of the chitinous cell wall of fungi

ergosterol

steroid-type protein found in the cell membrane of fungi; similar in configuration to adrenal hormones and testosterone

mycelia

interwoven hyphae adapted for absorption

wind-disseminated

all fungi reproduce by means of spores which are ____-____________

heterotrophic and absorptive

type of nutrition in fungi

pathogens

many fungi are _________ of other organisms like plants and animals

endophytes

fungi that live inside leaves or other plant parts without causing harm; produce secondary metabolites for protecting their hosts

Division

a taxonomic rank in biological classification that is used differently in zoology and in botany. In botany and mycology, division refers to a rank equivalent to phylum

Division Zygomycota (bread molds)

the fungi under this division have hyphae that are coenocytic

coenocytic hyphae

absence of septation

Rhizopus stolonifer

Zygomycetes species commonly known as black bread mold

sporangium

the asexual fruiting body of Zygomycota

sporangiophore

the filament that bears the sporangium

sporangiospore

an asexual fungal spore formed within a sporangium

zoosporangium

sexual phase of Zygomycota; a sporangium or spore case in which zoospores are produced.

Division Ascomycota

the fungi under this division have septated hyphae

conidium

the tip of the hypha of the asexual fruiting body of Ascomycota

conidiospores

spore produced by Ascomycota during asexual reproduction

conidiophore

a type of hypha that bears asexual spores called conidia

Aspergillus sp.

Ascomycota; look like dandelions; septated hyphae

Penicillium sp.

Ascomycota; fungus that produces penicillin

ascocarp

sexual fruiting body of ascomycetes

asci

the sac in ascomycetes in which the sexual spores are formed

ascospores

sexual spore produced within the ascus of ascomycetes

Peziza sp.

Ascomycota; a large genus of saprophytic cup fungi that grow on the ground, rotting wood, or dung

Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Ascomycota; Baker's yeast; species of yeast; instrumental in winemaking, baking, and brewing since ancient times; believed to have been originally isolated from the skin of grapes

Division Basidiomycota

the fungi under this division produce septated hyphae; the fusion of two vegetative hyphae produce the dikaryon that fuse and give rise to the basidium

dikaryon

hyphae with cells having 2 different nuclei in each cell.

basidium

club-shaped structure where meiosis occurs

basidiospores

spores produced in the basidia of basidiomycetes during sexual reproduction

Polyporus sp.

Basidiomycota; a hard woody fungus containing pores at the ventral part of the pileus

Puccinia graminis

Basidiomycota; wheat rust; fungus that produces five known types of spores: basidiospores, spermatia, aeciospores, urediniospores, and teliospores

spermatia

a nonmotile cell functioning as a male gamete in certain fungi and lichen

aeciospores

are one of several different types of spores formed by rusts; have two nuclei and are typically seen in chain-like formations in the aecium

urediniospores

thin-walled spores produced by the uredium, a stage in the life-cycle of rusts

teliospores

thick-walled resting spore of some fungi, from which the basidium arises

Coprinus sp.

Basidiomycota; contains a natural compound that mimics insulin, making this mushroom excellent for balancing blood sugar levels