chem CH. 8

combination (synthesis)

2+ reactants → 1 product

decomposition (analysis)

1 reactant → 2+ products

combustion (burning in O2 gas)

O2 is a reactant

single replacement

compound + element → compound + element

double replacement

compound + compound → compound + compound

COMBINATION - nonmetallic oxide + H2O →/ P2O5 + 3H2O →

acid, 2H3PO4

COMBINATION - metallic oxide + H2O →/ Al2O3 + 3H2O →

hydroxide, 2Al(OH)3

DECOMPOSITION - binary compound exception: 2H2O2 (hydrogen peroxide)→

2H2O + O2

DECOMPOSITION - carbonates → / CaCo3 →

oxide + CO2, CaO + CO2

DECOMPOSITION - chlorates → (heat) / 2KClO3 →

chloride + O2, 2KCl+ 3O2

DECOMPOSITION - combination reactions can be reversed, Ca(OH)2 →

CaO + H2O

COMBUSTION - complete combustion of hydrocarbon →

CO2 + H2O (default)

COMBUSTION - incomplete hydrocarbon combustion →

CO + H2O

DOUBLE REPLACEMENT - 3 requirements for reaction to take place →

formation of water, gas, or precipitate

DOUBLE REPLACEMENT - H2SO3 (aq) →

H2O (l) + SO2 (g)

DOUBLE REPLACEMENT - H2CO3 (aq) →

H2O (l) + CO2 (g)

DOUBLE REPLACEMENT - NH4OH (aq) →

H2O (l) + NH3 (g)

COMBUSTION - compound combustion: 2SO2 + O2 →

2SO3

COMBUSTION - compound combustion: 2CO + O2 →

2CO2

SOLUBILITY - salts containing alkali metals are

soluble

SOLUBILITY - salts containing ammonium are

soluble

SOLUBILITY - nitrates, nitrites are

soluble

SOLUBILITY - acetates are

soluble

SOLUBILITY - chlorates, perchlorates are

soluble

SOLUBILITY - chlorides, bromides, and iodides are

soluble, except for those with Ag +, Pb 2+, Hg2 2+

SOLUBILITY - fluorides are

not soluble

SOLUBILITY - sulfides are

not soluble, except for those with alkaline earth metals

SOLUBILITY - sulfates are

soluble, except for those with Ca, Ba, Sr, Ag +, Pb 2+, Hg2 2+

SOLUBILITY - hydroxides are

not soluble

SOLUBILITY - carbonates are

not soluble

SOLUBILITY - chromates are

not soluble

SOLUBILITY - oxalates are

not soluble

SOLUBILITY - phosphates are

not soluble