Chapter 12- The Eukaryotic Members of the Microbial World

mitosis

eukaryotic asexual reproduction

meiosis

eukaryotic sexual reproduction

mycology

the study of fungi

saprophytes

organisms that acquire nutrients from dead and decaying matter, which includes more fungi

mycosis

abnormal condition of fungi (fungal infection)

mycorrhizae

symbiotic relationship between fungi and plant roots

what agent causes candidal skin infections and vulvovaginal candidiasis?

candida albicans

what agent causes cryptococcal meningoencephalitis?

Cryptococcus neoformans

ergot

rye mold that can product a toxin with hallucinogenic effects

aflatoxin

medically relevant toxin made by aspergillus species (green bread molds)

where does the USDA monitor aflatoxin in?

grains and peanuts

what toxin do most grains have?

aflatoxin

what was the likely cause of the strange behavior women during the salem witch trials?

ergot toxin

What arthropod causes African sleeping sickness?

Tsetse Fly

what is the infectious agent for African Sleeping sickness?

Trypanosomes

what arthropod causes malaria?

mosquito

what infectious agent causes malaria?

plasmodium species

what arthropod causes black plague?

flea

what infectious agent causes black plague?

yersinia pestis

what arthropod causes lyme disease?

tick

what infectious agent causes lyme disease?

borrelia burgdorferi

what arthropod causes typhus?

louse

what infectious agent causes typhus?

rickettsia prowazekii

what arthropod causes rocky mountain spotted fever?

tick (dermacentor)

what infectious agent causes rocky mountain spotted fever?

rickettsia rickettsii

what disease is associated with sarcoptes scabiei?

scabies

what are the three types of helminths?

nematodes, cestodes, and trematodes

what is a nematode?

roundworms

what is a cestode?

tapeworms

what is a trematode?

flukes

arthropod

class of invertebraes, insects being one of them (ticks, louse, flea etc)

what are the five arthropods we are concerned with?

tsetse fly, mosquito, flea, tick, louse

helminth

a parasitic worm

primary function of protozoa

eating vast numbers of bacteria and algae

how many bacteria does a paramecium (protist/protozoa) ingest daily?

up to 5 million

chitin

what fungi cell walls are made of

hyphae

branch like structures that make up the mycelium of fungi

sporangium

sac like structures on the fungis mycelium where fungal spores are formed

why are fungi a major cause of allergies & asthma?

because they produce copious amounts of spores

how many spores are present in the air we breathe?

up to 10,000 per cubic meter

how far can spores travel?

up to seven miles (35,000+ feet) in the atmosphere

polymorphic

the ability to exist in multiple different forms

are fungi polymorphic?

yes

what other forms can protozoa exist in, and what are the benefits?

as a cyst/oocyte, which allows them to survive harsh conditions such as stomach acid

what disease does plasmodium (protozoa) cause?

malaria

what disease does toxoplasma (protozoa) cause?

toxoplasmosis

what disease does Giardia (protozoa) cause?

Giardiasis

what disease does trichomonas (protozoa) cause?

trichomoniasis

what disease does trypanosoma (protozoa) cause?

African sleeping sickness

what is the purpose of the scolex on a tapeworm?

to attach to the intestinal wall

do tapeworms have a mouth or internal digestive tract?

NO

what drug is known to treat filariasis?

doxycycline

how does doxycycline treat filariasis?

by killing the worm gut symbiotic bacteria, in turn killing the original parasitic worm that needs it to survive

how does doxycycline kill wucheria bancrofti?

indirectly

what is the worm that causes elephantiasis?

Wucheria bancrofti

what organism does wuchoria bancrofti have a symbiotic relationship with?

wolbachia

how is lymphatic filariasis acquired?

by mosquitos

what causes ascariasis?

the round worm Ascaris lumbricoides

what does the ascaris round worm infect?

human intestine

what drug was used as a scandinavian diet pill before it was banned?

a drug with round worm (ascaris)

why are eukaryotic pathogens difficult to target with medication?

their cell components are very similar to those of a human