Bridge Course - Social Science Class 8

Flashcards covering types of government, the Indian Constitution, and the central and federal structure of government.

Government

System or group of people that makes decisions and laws for a country.

Monarchy

Rule by a king or queen, can be absolute or constitutional.

Dictatorship

Rule by one person who has total power.

Oligarchy

Rule by a small group of powerful people.

Theocracy

Government ruled by religious leaders or laws based on a religion.

Democracy

Government chosen by the people through elections.

Democracy

Citizens have the right to vote and select their representatives.

Monarchy

Type of government where a king or queen rules a country.

Democracy

Ruled by elected leaders; people vote to choose their leaders.

Democracy

Power is given by the people; citizens have the right to speak and vote.

Democracy

Leaders are chosen through elections, not by force or birth; every person has one vote.

Democracy

Ensures fairness, equality, and participation through elections and protection of rights.

Monarchy

Rule by a king or queen, power is usually inherited.

Constitutional Monarchy

King/Queen rules with a constitution; real power lies with elected representatives.

Dictatorship

Rule by one person with absolute control.

Oligarchy

Rule by a small group of powerful people.

Theocracy

Rule based on religious law or leaders.

Democracy

Rule by the people; leaders are elected by citizens.

Indian Constitution

The Constitution of India was adopted on 26 January 1950.

B.R. Ambedkar

Dr. B.R. Ambedkar was the chairman of the drafting committee.

Indian Constitution

Sets rules for how India is governed and protects the rights of the people.

Preamble

Tells us India is a Sovereign, Socialist, Secular, Democratic Republic.

Fundamental Duties

Teach us to respect our country, help others, and protect the environment.

Right to Equality

Freedom from discrimination and equal protection under the law.

Right to Freedom of Speech and Expression

Freedom to express one's opinions and ideas without censorship.

Social Justice

Focuses on education and reservation policies for the upliftment of weaker sections.

Supreme Law

The Constitution of India is the __ law of the country

Right to Equality

Every person is equal before the law, regardless of caste, religion, or gender.

Unitary Government

Central authority controls all decisions.

Federal Government

Power divided between central and smaller regional governments.

Central Government Responsibility

Defense, foreign affairs, and national policies.

Federal Government

Power is shared between central and state governments.