whap unit 3 and 4: european exploration

what was their motivation for exploration

break italian and muslim monopoly, crusades, new demand for luxury items, curious about the world, spread christianity

what european countries were involved

spain, portugal, france, dutch, british

who sought religious freedom?

puritans

new navigational tools

better maps (portolan) and ships, stern rudder, quadrant, astrolabe, sextant, magnetic compass

technology brought back

chinese compass, lateen sail, chinese sternpost rudder, muslim portolan charts and maps

ship designs

caravel (triangular sails for against wind), carrack (3 masts), fluyt (dutch, exclusively for commerce)

spanish vs portuguese approach to exploration

both explored to find new lands, but portuguese also valued trade and finding trade routes

portuguese voyager: prince henry (1394-1460)

school of navigation to train soldiers to sail further down the west coast of africa

portuguese voyager: fernao gomes (1469)

sao tome, sugar plantation, opened gold coast

portuguese voyager: bartolomeu dias (1488)

discovered tip of africa

portuguese voyager: vasco de gama (1498)

sailed around africa to india, no trade established

portuguese voyager: pedro cabral (1500)

claimed brazil, opened trade with india

spanish explorer: christopher columbus (1492-1502)

sailed west to find east, discovered america without knowing it, 4 voyages, governor of colony

spanish explorer: ferdinand magellan (1519-1521)

circumnavigated the globe, died in philippines, 5 ships with 270 men (1 ship, 18 men returned)

what solved the dispute between portugal and spain?

the treaty of tordesillas (1494)