Higher geography process

Geography

Formation of glacial ice

Snow gathers in north facing hollows where more snow snows in winter than melts in summer

Process of glacial erosion - Plucking

when ice freezes onto the bedrock pulling loose rocks away from the backwall as the glacier moves

Process of glacial erosion - Abrasion

when angular rocks embedded in the ice grinds the hollow like sandpaper as the glacier moves

Process of glacial erosion - Freeze-thaw weathering

when water in cracks in the rock freezes expands and contracts weakening the rock until fragments break off

Process of river erosion - hydraulic action

Hydraulic action, which is when water compresses air into the riverbank causing materials to be dislodged

Process of river erosion - abrasion

Abrasion when the force of the water throws bedload against the banks causing erosion

Process of river erosion - solution

Solution when soluble rocks react with acids in the water

Process of costal erosion - hydraulic action

pounding waves compress trapped air in the rocks creating an explosive blast which weakens and loosens rock fragments

Process of costal erosion - abrasion

When pounding waves compress trapped air in the rocks creating an explosive blast which weakens and loosens rock fragments

Process of costal erosion - solution

When carbonic acid/salts in the sea water dissolves rock causing it to wear away

What is longshore drift

which is lateral/zig-zag movement of the waves

What is swash

where waves push material up the beach at an angle due to the prevailing wind

What is the backwash

The returning backwash is dragged back down the beach at right angles due to gravity

What do riffles and pools lead to changes in

speed and depths in the river channel

What are riffles

shallower with greater turbulence

What are pools

pools are areas of deeper water

What is an named example of a Corrie

Corrie Lagan

Headland and bay named example

Ayr beach

Stack named example

Old harry

Sand spit named example

Spurn head

Sand bar named example

Doom bar