Physical Development and Health in Early Childhood

These flashcards cover key concepts related to physical development and health issues in early childhood, as discussed in the lecture notes.

Myelination

The process where a fatty coat forms on nerve fibers to help brain messages travel faster.

Corpus Callosum

A thick band of nerve fibers that connects the left and right hemispheres of the brain, allowing communication between both sides.

Sleep Terrors (E.P.N.)

Episodes happening during deep sleep, where the child may suddenly sit up, scream, or thrash without full awareness or memory.

Nightmares

Disturbing dreams occurring during REM sleep, often linked to anxiety or difficult temperament.

Enuresis

Involuntary urination at night in children, more common in boys and often outgrown.

Gross Motor Skills

Skills involving large muscle movements, such as running and jumping, which develop greatly between ages 3-6.

Fine Motor Skills

Skills involving small muscle movements such as buttoning and drawing, developing eye-hand coordination.

Handedness

The preference for using one hand over the other; most individuals are right-handed.

Adiposity Rebound

The period after age 5-6 when children's weight increases relative to their height, linked to obesity risk.

Hidden Hunger

A situation where a person consumes enough calories but lacks sufficient nutrients, often due to processed foods.

Undernutrition

A condition mostly characterized by inadequate intake of nutrients; can lead to stunting and wasting in children.

Fluoride

A mineral that strengthens bones and teeth but excessive levels can be linked to IQ concerns.

Socioeconomic Status (SES)

A social classification based on income, education, and occupation, which can influence health outcomes.

Secondhand Smoke

Smoke that is inhaled involuntarily from tobacco being smoked by others; increases respiratory problems in children.

Lead Exposure

Contact with lead from sources like contaminated food or paint, which can severely affect cognitive development.