[AMACE] BT

Concrete Hollow Blocks (CHB)

Block made of concrete and has space between its walls

Sandstone

A sedimentary rock formed by cementing silica grains of sand over time.

Marble

Metamorphic rock, are crystallized limestone forming into carrara, parian, onyx and vermont.

Cast Iron

An alloy of iron that contains 2 to 4 percent carbon. It is melted, poured into a mold and allowed to cool

Mortar

A mixture of sand, water, and cement/lime

Epoxy

Two-part adhesive that forms when you mix resin and hardener.

Soldering

Process used for joining metal parts to form a mechanical or electrical bond

Annealing

Heat treatment process that changes the physical and chemical properties of a material to increase ductility

Brazing

Process for joining two pieces of metal that involves the application of heat; heated to melting temperature above450°C

Welding

It is a fabrication process that joins materials, usually metals or thermoplastics, by causing coalescence.

Wrought Iron

Ferrous material which is tough and is produced from pig iron to remove nearly all of the carbon

Weathering steel

A steel alloy that forms a self-protecting rust layer when exposed to the atmosphere.

Galvanized Iron

An iron coated with zinc to prevent rust

Stainless Steel

A chromium-nickel alloy of steel which does not rust.

Air-entraining

To increase resilience and resistance to wear and weathering; Concrete will be highly resistant to corrosion

Inhibiting Agent

Delays curing; applied immediately

Dispersal agent

Bonding agent [spray or paint] that improves bond between old and new concrete

Accelerator

Admixture that speeds up the the hydration (hardening) of a concrete

Plasticizers

Admixture that increases the workability

Dimension stone

Stone cut into specific size, squared to dimensions, and to a specific thickness

Ashlar

Cut and regularly shaped blocks of stone used in construction, fitted together without mortar

Rubble

Broken stone or bricks; ruins

Flagstone

A flat stone slab, typically rectangular or square, used for paving.

Plaster

Paste that hardens to a smooth solid and is used for coating walls

Grout

Mixture of portland cement, water and sand, containing enough water to allow it to be poured or pumped into joints, spaces, and cracks within masonry walls.

Mortar

A mixture of cement, sand, and water used as a bonding agent

Porcelain Tile

Tiles which are tougher and less porous than a ceramic tile in which the color of the surface is consistent throughout the tile

Ceramic Tile

Thin slabs of clay, water; hardened at high temperatures in a kiln and usually coated with some kind of glaze

Vitrified Tile

A ceramic tile with very low porosity; a mix of clay and silica

Homogenous tiles

A type of ceramic tiles composed of fine porcelain clays that was heated

Binder

Materials that act as a bonding agent that when mixed with aggregate and water form mortar

Primer

A base coat applied to improve the adhesion of subs

Sealer

A type of primer designed to be used with a primer; prevents the topcoat from soaking into the substrate

Thinner

A solvent used to thin oil-based paints

Wrinkling

When uncured paint forms a skin

Sagging

A heavy coat of paint; resulting in a uneven coating

Blistering

Air bubbles appearing in a glaze after a fast firing

Leaching

Tan/brown spots; drip-like effect

Integral Waterproofing

Admixture added directly to concrete mix

Liquid-Applied Membrane Waterproofing

Liquid membrane coating onto surface; Applied by spray or roller as viscous liquids and the allowed to cure in place

Bituminous Waterproofing

A mixed substance made up of organic liquids that are highly sticky, viscous, and waterproof. Bitumen sheets applied onto material requiring workmanship.

Cementitious Waterproofing

This waterproofing type mixed with concrete does not require skilled workmanship to create a waterproof structure. It is a mixing cement, sand, and additives to create a waterproof coating on the surface of concrete

Tempered Glass

Thermal or chemical treatments; shatters into small pieces

Annealed Glass

Float glass that has gone through annealing; breaks into large jagged shards; ideal for cutting and shaping.

Insulated glass

2 or more panes, double glazing; thermal insulation & noise reduction;

Laminated glass

Safety glass; has a protective vinyl layer between 2 pieces of glass

Tempered glass

A type of safety glass processed by controlled thermal or chemical treatments to increase its strength by putting the outer surfaces into compression and the interior into tension, such that the glass shatters into small granular chunks when broken instead of splintering into jagged shards

Plate glass

A type of glass that has additional strength so it can be formed in larger sheets, but will still shatter upon impact; Poured molten glass on casting tables.

Combined footing

A footing supporting two or more columns.

Stepped footing

A continuous or strip footing that changes levels in stages to accommodate a sloping site or bearing stratum.

Mat footing (or Raft footing)

A footing poured under the entire footprint of the building. Used with soils of poor bearing capacity

Isolated footing

A single spread footing supporting a freestanding column or pier

Post and lintel

Also called trabeated system. It refers to the use of horizontal stone beams which are borne by columns.

Truss

An assembly of structural members joined to form a rigid framework

Rafter

A wooden beam that supports a roof

Floor joist

a timber used to support the floor of a structure; usually made of lumber or engineered wood products

Overhanging beam

A simple beam extending beyond one its supports.

Cantilever beam

A projecting beam supported at only one fixed end.

Secondary beam

Any beam that transmits its load to a principal beam

Intermediate beam

a type of beam that is supported on both ends by a simple beam

Roof drain

A drain designed to receive water collecting on the surface of a roof and to discharge it into a leader or downspout.

Fascia

Board that runs along the lower edge of the roof

1: 1 1/2 : 3

Class AA concrete (Cement:Sand:Gravel)

1:2:4

Class A concrete (Cement:Sand:Gravel)

1: 2 1/2 : 5

Class B concrete (Cement:Sand:Gravel)

1:3:6

Class C concrete (Cement:Sand:Gravel)

Splice

The technique employed to transfer force between reinforcement bars. This method includes joining and overlapping the bars.

Adjoin

Those in direct physical contact with another

Joint

The term that means to connect or join two similar materials, usually in a straight line, by fastening the ends using mechanical connectors, welding, or wire connection.

Developed length

The length along the center of the pipe and fitting

Embedment length

Length of embedded reinforcement provided beyond a critical section.

Effective depth

The depth of concrete section measured from the compression face to the centroid of the tension reinforcement.

Primary consolidation

Reduction volume of a soil mass due chiefly to the SQUEEZING OUT of water from the voids within the mass.

Differential settlement

Unequal settlement of the various parts of a building, which may cause excessive stresses in the structural frame or tilting of the building.

Rivets

Metal pins that are used for permanently joining two or more structural steel members by passing a headed shank through a hole in each piece and hammering down the plain end to form a second head are called Rivets.

Bolts

don't thread into wood; has flat ends and held in place by a nut and washer

Carriage Bolt

A threaded bolt having a circular head, an oval or flat bearing surface, and a means (such as a square shoulder under the head) of preventing rotation of the bolt

Lag Bolt

Large wood screws with hexagonal heads.

Hex Bolt

A bolt with a six-sided head

Anchor Bolt

a threaded bolt embedded in concrete for the purpose of fastening a building frame to a concrete or masonry foundation

Batten

A wood or metal material used to anchor and elevate a roof tile over its undersheeting

Screw

An inclined plane wrapped around a cylinder

Slump Test

A test that utilizes open ended conical cones and measures the workability of a freshly mixed concrete

Compressive Test

A test for determing the compressive of a concrete batch, using a hydraulic press.

Pig Iron

The product of smelting iron ore (also ilmenite) with a high-carbon fuel and reductant such as coke

Cast Iron

An alloy of iron that contains 2 to 4 percent carbon. It is melted, poured into a mold and allowed to cool

Cull

A brick or timber rejected as being of inferior quality.

Argillite

Sedimentary rock, Formed from clay, dark blue with faint shades of green

Travertine

Sedimentary rock, pleasing texture with small natural pockets on a cut surface.

Limestone

Sedimentary rock, no cleavage lines, low in absorption, smooth, uniform; mainly of calcium carbonate

Marble

Metamorphic rock, are crystallized limestone forming into carrara, parian, onyx and vermont.

Serpentine

Igneous rock, typically olive green to greenish black but impurities may color the rock.

Dead load

the weight of the structure itself

Primary Consolidation

Reduction in volume of a solid mass under the action of substance.

Soil Bearing Capacity

the ability of the surface and subsurface material to carry the weight of the structures.

Underlayment

A panel laid over a subfloor or subsurface to create a smooth, stiff surface for the application of a finish.

Undersheeting

a layer between the finish (roof material) and the surface or framing and usually serving as an additional layer of weatherproofing and drainage

Provide extra top bars at and near the support to resist tension

How is a concrete cantilevered beam reinforced?

End Bearing Pile

A pile depending on the resistance of soil or rock beneath its foot or support for its stability

Batter Pile

A pile driven at an inclination to the vertical to provide resistance to horizontal forces