Chapter 13 History 7th grade MA

give 3 general examples of push factors for emigration.

famine( food shortage ), religious prosecution ( being punished for your own beliefs), and political unrest ( protest and ppl feeling unsafe.)

give a specific example of a pull factor for immigration between 1840-1879

economic opportunities, the U.S was growing rapidly, with many jobs to offer, religious freedom, and democratic ideals ( freedom )

list pros and cons of traveling "steerage class"

pros - cheap, cons - small, dark, smelly, rat infested, crowded, lice, and ppl, getting sick.

list a push and pull factor for Irish immigrants.

push- potato famine, crop failure and since potatos were basically all they ate it led to starvation for many. And poverty. Pull- food and jobs, land opportunities, freedom and a fresh start.

How did German immigrants differ from most other immigrants?

in terms of religion, most were protestant. in terms of social class, they had money but weren't rich nor poor so about middle class ( mid class wasn't a thing back then ). And on where they settled, farm lands between Nebraska and Minnesota.

( LEGAL IMMIGRATION ) What were some reasons why some Americans formed prejudices ( assuming something bad abt someone by their looks) against LEGAL immigrants?

Many feared immigrants would take away their jobs or work for lower wages. Another reason was religious differences, most Americans were protestant, and most immigrants were Catholics, causing fear and suspicion. racism as well as fear of immigrants bringing radical political ideas, and overcrowding cities

what group took the brunt, (experienced the worst part of something) of anti-Catholic sentiments? or in other words who was most targeted or treated badly bcs of anti-Catholics attitudes?

Irish immigrants

why is the term " nativist " ironic?

because Nativist sounds like it refers to native Americans, who originally owned the land, but nativist were usually white Americans

by 1860, what controversy eventually trumped (outdo something) immigration in the eyes of the Know-Nothing Party?

slavery become a more important issue than immigration, sort of making people forget about LEGAL immigration.

when was the second great awakening?

1790s

what 2 protestant denominations developed during this time?

Methodist and Baptists

produce 4 motivations behind the temperance movement:

1. religious beliefs, lots of ppl especially from the 2nd great awakening thought alcohol was a sin. 2. social problems, alcohol was blamed for causes poverty, crime etc.3. protecting women and kids, women were victims of alcoholic abusive husbands and wanted to make a safe home for their kids. 4.workplace safety, drunkenness affected workers performance, employers wanted better workers

describe Horace Manns contributions to education

He made free public schools for all children regardless their background, he trained teachers to their best, he extended the school year, and he helped make ppl believe education was important.

describe Dorothea Dix'x contribution to mental health and prison reform;

after seeing mentally ill ppl shivering she exposed the cruel treatment towards them, she fought for mental hospitals and convinced them ( or tried to ) make them believe the ill needed actual medical care. she reported overcrowded conditions and poor conditions, and she separated the kids from the violent ones.

describe working conditions in early factories:

long hours, usually 10-14 hours, low wages especially for women & kids, unsafe conditions, child labor, & no workers rights

do you think the constant flow of unskilled immigrant labour to northeastern factories benefited factory owners or workers more? explain :

factory owners, immigrants were willing to work for low wages, lots of ppl ready to take someones jobs aswell. so if someone quit they could be replaced. and less pressure to improve conditions, since many ppl needed jobs they had no incentive to raise wages or improve working conditions.

what's the main "weapon" of labour unions? and why was it so effective?:

the main weapon was the strike, which is when workers refuse to work till their demands are met. it was so effective bcs it stopped factory production, so it hurt the owners in a $$$ way. the loss of profits forced them to listen to workers,

what did radical abolitionist like William Lloyd Garrison call for?

immediate emancipation, basically wanted the total end of slavery NOW. he wanted equal rights for all types of ppl.

who was Garrisons publication?

the liberator, it was an anti-slavery newspaper he started in 1831

how'd the work of David Walker lead up to censorship?

David Walker was a free African American who wrote abt anti-slavery. It lead to censorship bcs of 1, southern fear. Slaveholders feared the pamphlet would inspire their slaves. It got banned in the south, and southern postmasters searched the mail and destroyed the abolitionists materials.

what was the underground railroad?

A secret network with routes for escaping slaves, conductors helped guide escapes.

Tubman received help from what religious group?

The quackers

How many slaves escaped via the Underground Railroad?

100,000 people.

what was Tubmans codename?

Moses.

what other goals made up the women rights movement besides suffrage?

equal education opportunities for women, property rights. Married women wanted the right to keep their own property and belongings. Equal pay and job opportunities, legal equality, basically women wanted more control over custody, rights to sign contracts etc.

describe Stantons and Motts roles in the women's rights movement including the meeting and publication they're credited with.

together they organized the Seneca Falls Convention in New York, the 1st women's rights convention in the U.S, Stanton was the main author of the declaration of sentiments which was a document stating " all men and women are equal". Their work sparked the women's rights movement and inspired future generations like Susan. B Anthony.

produce 3 actions of Susan B. Anthony, either by herself or in a tandem( meaning together at the same time) with Stanton.

1. formed the National Woman Suffrage Association ( NWSA). In 1869 Susan and Stanton founded the NWSA to fight for women being able to vote. Together they launched a newspaper called " The Revolution" which focused on women's rights and equal pay. Lastly Susan by herself voted illegally in 1872. She was arrested and fined but used the trial to speak out for women's rights.