AP Psych - Clinical Psych (Disorders): quiz #1

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-V)

Book published by the APA that is used by clinicians to diagnose psychological disorders in the United States

American Psychiatric Association (APA)

The international professional association of psychiatrists and related medical specialists

International Classification of Mental Disorders (ICD-10)

Book published by the World Health Organization (WHO) that is used internationally to diagnose and classify psychological disorders

ADHD

a psychological disorder marked by the appearance by age 7 of one or more of three key symptoms: extreme inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity

intern's syndrome

a tendency to diagnose one's self while studying any particular disorder

neurodevelopmental disorders

a group of conditions manifested early in development that are characterized by developmental deficits that produce impairments of personal, social, academic, or occupational functioning

neurocognitive disorders

acquired (not lifelong) disorders marked by cognitive deficits; often related to Alzheimer's disease, brain injury or disease, or substance abuse. In older adults neurocognitive disorders were formerly called dementia

anxiety disorders

category of disorders characterized by distressing, persistent anxiety or maladaptive behaviors

social anxiety disorder

intense fear of social situations, leading to avoidance of such

Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)

disorder characterized by continual feelings of worry, anxiety, physical tension, and irritability across many areas of life functioning

panic disorder

An anxiety disorder marked by unpredictable minutes-long episodes of intense dread in which a person experiences terror and accompanying chest pain, choking, or other frightening sensations.

phobia

abnormal fear

acrophobia

fear of heights

arachnophobia

fear of spiders

agoraphobia

fear or avoidance of situations, such as crowds or wide open places, where one has felt loss of control and panic; often results in someone not leaving home for long periods of time

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD)

a disorder characterized by unwanted repetitive thoughts and/or actions

obsession

A persistent, unwanted thought or idea that keeps recurring

compulsion

repeated behavior that alleviates anxiety

hoarding disorder

a disorder in which individuals feel compelled to save items and become very distressed if they try to discard them, resulting in an excessive accumulation of items

Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)

a disorder characterized by haunting memories, nightmares, social withdrawal, jumpy anxiety, numbness of feeling, and/or insomnia

major depressive disorder

a mood disorder in which a person feels sad and hopeless for an extended period of time

serotonin

neurotransmitter which, when abnormally low, is believed to be connected to mood disorders

persistent depressive disorder (dysthymia)

Moderate depression that persists for two years or more

mania

aspect of bipolar disorder in which one is euphoric, energetic, and disinhibited

bipolar I

mood disorder characterized by full-blown mania that alternates with episodes of major depression

bipolar II

mood disorder characterized by hypomania that alternates with episodes of major depression

rumination

compulsive fretting; overthinking about our problems and their causes

schizophrenic spectrum disorder

A class of disorders characterized by distortions in perception, cognition, movement, and emotion

psychosis

loss of contact with reality

delusion

false belief

hallucination

false sensory experience

catatonic stupor

an immobile, expressionless, coma-like state associated with schizophrenia

flat affect

The display of little or no emotion—a common negative symptom of schizophrenia.

word salad

Incoherent mixture of words, phrases, and sentences

dopamine hypothesis

the theory that schizophrenia results from excessive activity of the neurotransmitter dopamine

diathesis-stress theory

view that people inherit a predisposition to develop illness and that certain environmental forces may activate the predisposition, resulting in a disorder

dissociative disorders

category of disorders in which conscious awareness becomes separated from previous memories, thoughts, and feelings

dissociative identity disorder (DID)

disorder occurring when a person seems to have two or more distinct personalities (alters) within one body

dissociative amnesia

disorder characterized by the loss of memory of a period of time, usually a traumatic event

dissociative fugue

The sudden loss of memory for one's personal history, accompanied by an abrupt departure from home and the assumption of a new identity

bulimia nervosa

an eating disorder characterized by binge eating followed by purging

anorexia nervosa

an eating disorder in which an irrational fear of weight gain leads people to starve themselves

personality disorders

category of psychological disorders characterized by inflexible and enduring behavior patterns that impair social functioning

Cluster A personality disorders

subcategory of personality disorders characterized by odd or eccentric thoughts and behaviors

Cluster B personality disorders

subcategory of personality disorders characterized by dramatic, emotional or impulsive behaviors

Cluster C personality disorders

subcategory of personality disorders characterized by anxiety and fearfulness