ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY MASTERLIST

Epigastric Region

upper middle portionof the abdomen located between the ribs and the stomach, containing organs such as the liver and pancreas.

Hypochondriac Regions

the upper lateral areas of the abdomen, located on either side of the epigastric region.

Abdominal

region between the thorax and pelvis

Acromial

point of shoulder

Antebrachial

forearm

Antecubital

anterior surface of elbow

axillary

armpit

brachial

arm

buccal

cheek

carpal

wrist

celiac

abdomen

cervical

neck

cephalic

head

costal

ribs

coxal

hip

crural

leg

cubital

elbow

digital

finger or toe

dorsal

back

femoral

thigh

frontal

forehead

genital

external reproductive organs

gluteal

buttocks

ingunial

depressed area of the abdominal wall near thigh

lumbar

lower back

mammary

breast

mental

chin

nasal

nose

occipital

inferior posterior region of the head

oral

mouth

orbital

eye cavity

otic

ear

palmar

palm of hand

patellar

anterior part of knee

pectoral

chest

pedal

foot

pelvic

pelvis

plantar

sole of foot

popliteal

area posterior to knee

sacral

posterior area between hip bones

sternal

area around the sternum

sural

calf

tarsal

ankle

umbilical

navel

vertebral

spinal column

matter

has weight and takes up space

isotopes

atoms with the same atomic number but different mass numbers (+/- neurons)

Ionic bonds

bonds between atoms with different charges

Covalent Bond

A bond where atoms share electrons

Cation

potitvely charged ions

Anions

negatively charged ions

Electrolytes

elements that ionize in water

Acids

Electroytes that release hydrogen

Bases

ions that release hydroxide or other ions that REACT with hydrogen

Buffers

chemicals that resist pH changes

Apo-

away, off, apart

Cyt-

cell

Endo-

within

Hyper-

above

hypo-

below

Inter-

between

Iso-

equal

lys-

to break up

Mit-

Thread

Phag-

To eat

Pino-

to drink

pro-

before

-som

body

Vesic-

bladder

What are differentiated cells?

Cells that have special characteristics or functions

Organelles

specialized parts of a cell that are located in the cytoplasm

Explain selective permeability

It is the process by which certain substances enter and exit the cell membrane

Ribosomes

Itty bitty structures composed of protein and RNA that synthesize proteins and genetic information

Endoplasmic Retciulum

organelle that transports materials, provides attachment for ribosomes, and synthesizes lipids.

Vesicles

organelle that contains and transports substances that enter the cell

Golgi Apparatus

packages and modifies protein molecules for transport and seceretion

Mitochondira

power house o’ da cell

Lysosomes

contains enzymes that break down bad parts of the cell

Peroxisomes

contains enzymes that break down organic chemicals within the cell

centrosome

helps distribute chromosomes to new cells during division

Cilia

propels fluid and senses cell surroundings

Flagellum

makes sperm move

Microvilli

‘hairs’ that increase cell memberane surface area

Nucelar envelope

separates the nucleus and the cytoplasm

Nucleolus

Site of Ribosome formation

Chromatin

carries information fro systhesizing proteins

Explain Diffusion

Diffusion is the tendency of atoms, molecules, and ions in liquids to move from areas of high concentration into areas of low concentration

Explain Facilitated Diffusion

Ions move through channels, or molecules move by carrier proteins, across the membrane from high concentration to low concentration areas

Explain Osmosis

Water molecules move through a selectively permeable membrane toward the solution with more solute

Explain Filtration

smaller molecules are forced through porous membranes form regions of higher pressure to regions of lower pressure

Explain Active Transport

carrier molecules transport molecules or ions through membranes from regions of lower concentration towards those of higher concentration

What are the three types of Endocytosis

Pinocytosis, Phagocytosis, Receptor mediated endocytosis

Explain Pinocytosis

membrane engulfs droplets containing dissolved molecules from surroundings

Explain Phagocytosis

membrane engulfs selected molecules from surroundings

Explain Receptor-Mediated Endocytosis

Membrane engulfs selected molecules combined with receptor proteins.

Explain Exocytosis

Vesicles fuse with the membrane and release contents outside of the cell.

Explain Transcytosis

Endocytosis and exocytosis move particles into, through, and out of the cell.

List The Four Stages The Cell Cycle

prophase metaphase anaphase telophase

What is Interphase

During interphase the cell grows, functions, and maintains homeostasis.