Chemical Bonds Review

These flashcards cover key concepts related to chemical bonds, formulas, ions, and their properties, drawn directly from the lecture notes.

What defines a chemical formula?

A chemical formula shows what elements a compound contains and the exact number of atoms of each element.

What does the formula H₂O represent?

H₂O represents 2 hydrogen atoms and 1 oxygen atom.

What is the purpose of atoms bonding?

Atoms bond to achieve stability by filling their outer energy level.

What is the Octet Rule?

Atoms are most stable when they have 8 electrons in their outer energy level.

What are ions?

Ions are charged particles that have either more or fewer electrons than protons.

What is a cation?

A cation is a positively charged ion that has lost electrons.

What is an anion?

An anion is a negatively charged ion that has gained electrons.

What are the characteristics of ionic bonds?

Ionic bonds are defined as forces of attraction between oppositely charged ions.

What elements typically form ionic bonds?

Metals and nonmetals typically form ionic bonds.

What is the naming convention for ionic compounds?

In naming ionic compounds, write the cation first and the anion second, changing the ending of the anion to '-ide'.

What is the definition of covalent bonds?

Covalent bonds are formed from a shared pair of electrons between nonmetals.

What elements typically form covalent bonds?

Covalent bonds typically form between two nonmetals.

What are the properties of ionic compounds?

Ionic compounds typically have high melting/boiling points and can conduct electricity in solution.

What is a Lewis Dot Structure?

A Lewis Dot Structure is a visual representation of valence electrons and bonding.

Why do noble gases not typically form bonds?

Noble gases do not typically form bonds because they already have full outer energy levels.