Schools of Thought + Psychologists

Cognitive Psychology

study of mental processes and how people think

Behaviorism

study of observable behavior

Stucturalism

use of introspection to identify basic "structures" of psychological experience

Functionalism

function of behavior

Gestalt

study of mind and behavior as a whole

Psychoanalysis

study of the unconscious mind

Humanistic

focus on free will, choice, ideal, actualization

What is considered the first school of thought?

structuralism

Wilhem Wundt (1832-1920)

Father of Psychology

basic approach was structuralism and used introspection.

Introspection

looking into yourself

William James

founder of functionalism; studied how humans use perception to function in our environment

Max Wertheimer, Wolfgang Köhler, and Kurt Koffka

founders of Gestalt psychology

Ivan Pavlov

discovered classical conditioning; trained dogs to salivate at the ringing of a bell

B.F. Skinner

developed the theory of operant conditioning by with Skinner box

John B. Watson

founder of behaviorism

Classical Conditioning

association of automatic responses with new stimuli

Operant Conditioning

learning with punishments and rewards

Little Albert

subject in John Watson's experiment, proved classical conditioning principles, especially the generalization of fear

Sigmind Freud

founder of psychoanalysis

Abraham Maslow

hierarchy of needs

Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs

physiological
safety
love/belonging
esteem
self-actualization

Carl Rogers

developed "client-centered" therapy

What is needed in order for client-centered therapy to work?

unconditional positive regard, genuineness and empathy

How did Feud discover psycholanalysis?

from his patients diagnosed with hysteria

Jean Piaget

discovered stages of cognitive development within children

Before psychology, there was...?

philosophy with Galileo, etc