APUSH Chapter 13-15

Mudslinging

The deliberate sabotage of another’s campaign.

Universal white men suffrage

Allowed poor and uneducated men to vote

Corrupt Bargain (1824)

The alleged deal between Henry Clay and John Quincy Adams which made Adams the first “minority president”.

Spoil system

Andrew Jackson used this system to appoint people who endorsed him positions in the government

Force Bill

Also known as the “bloody bill” by carolinians, it authorized the president to use the army and navy to collect federal tariffs.

Indian Removal Act

Passed by Congress in 1830, it was influenced by Jackson proposal to bodily remove the Cherokees, Creeks, Choctaws, Chickasaws, and Seminoles. This led to the Trail of Tears.

Bank War (1832)

Began when Daniel Webster and Henry Clay brought Congress a bill to renew the Bank of the United States’ charter. Jackson vetoed stating it was unconstitutional and the Bank of the United States charter expired. This led to the creation of pet banks and the vacuum in the American economy.

Specie Circular

Stated land must be bought with metallic money (no use of credit).

Whigs

Political part that emerged and supported the American system and the anti-masonic party.

Panic of 1837

Financial sickness heightened. The speculative craze spread to canals, roads, and railroads. Failure of wheat crops also heightened distress.

Alamo

Nearly 200 Texans were trapped here. Colonel W. B. Travis declared victory or death and this was a major factor in the Texas Revolution. 

Know-Nothing Party

Formed the Order of the Star-Spangled Banner. This party emphasized nativism. Desired rigid restrictions on immigration and naturalization.

Tariff of Abominations

In 1824 Congress agreed to raise tariffs. This harshly affected Southerners. South Carolinians took the lead in protesting against this.

Nullification Crisis

Began with the 1828 pamphlet called The South Carolina Exposition by John C. Calhoun. This pamphlet denounced the recent tariff of abominations as unjust and unconstitutional. He also proposed that the state should nullify the tariff. 

Compromise Tariff of 1833

Henry Clay influenced this bill that would reduce the tariff of abominations by 10%.

Trail of Tears

The death of 25% of the Indian population due to the Indian Removal Act

Black Hawk War

Sauk and Fox braves from Illinois and Wisconsin led by Black Hawk resisted eviction. This Rebellion was crushed by Jefferson Davis and Abraham Lincoln.

Pet Banks

State institutions that gained surplus federal funds

“Self Reliance”

Ralph Waldo Emerson’s popular lecture essay. Had isolated figures that went against Jacksonian ideas (Civil Disobedience).

Rendezvous system

Fur-trading empire was based on this system. Made camps and waited for trappers and Indians to arrive with beaver pelts in exchange for manufactured goods.

Ecological imperialism

The hunting of a certain species leads to extinction or mass population loss. 

Cotton gin

An invention made by Eli Whitney that produced cotton at a higher rate. This led to the expansion of slavery. 

Interchangeable Parts

A development that made it so you could repair a machine instead of buying a new one. This helps develop factory precision. 

Commonwealth v Hunt

Massachusetts supreme court ruling that stated labor unions were not illegal conspiracies.  

Cult of Domesiticity

A widespread culture that glorified customary functions of the homemaker. Emphasized women’s role as conscience of society.

Transportation revolution

Transition to more widespread use of canals, steamboats, and railroads.

Market Revolution

Transformed a subsistence economy to a national network of industry and commerce. The north prioritized industry, west food and livestock, and the South cotton and slavery.

Second Great Awakening

A religious revival that democratized salvation and ignited reform (temperance, abolition, and education)

Burned-Over District

New England puritans were blistered by sermanizers preaching “hellfire and domination”. Adventists, people who believed that Jesus Christ was returning to earth, were born from this area. 

Mormons

People who believed in Joseph Smith received a golden plate from an angel. Also known as the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints. Migrated to Utah

Temperance Movement

Led to the creation of the American Temperance Society. Emphasized moral suasion over laws. Disagreed with the use of alcohol widespread.

Dorothea Dix

Advocated for humane treatment for the mentally ill.

Declaration of Sentiments

Lucretia Mott, Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Susan B. Anthony

“All women and men are created equal” early push for suffrage and legal reform.

Hudson River School

Excelled in the arts. The biggest art school of its time in America

Women’s Rights Convention at Seneca Falls

The Declaration of Sentiments was emphasized. Launched the women’s rights movement.