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2 broad types of cell signalling in eukaryotes
contact dependent
secreted molecules
juxatcrine signalling- the types
gap junctions between animal cells
plasmodesmata between plants
cell to cell recognition
gap junction juxtacrine signalling examples and features
have protein channels embedded in the membrane of adjacent
cardiomycte gap junctions make heart beat- allows Ca2+ and Na+ to pass freely between
allows depolarisation
plasmodesmata- juxtacrine features and what is it in
used in plants
connects plant cells- gaps in membrane cell wall- NO PROTEIN CHANNEL
transports metabolites, proteins, RNA- share gene expression
GFP
juxtacrine- what signalling does it use?
NOTCH signalling- glial support, neurons, learning and memory
secreted molecules- what is their function?
usually used for altered metabolism
altered cytoskelton
altered gene expression and cell division
types of secreting molecules?
endocrine signalling- through blood- insulin
paracrine- targets local cells
autocrine- within cell- targets the same cell
paracrine signalling synaptic- neurons etc
immune response- examples and types of signalling involved
juxtacrine- T cell receptor and MHC class ii then autocrine signalling T cell cytokine
T cell stimulated by antigen- triggers iL-2 RELEASE BY t cell
Il-2 binds T cell
paracrine signalling example
cytokines release by immune cells on multiple population
morphogens patterning during development
neurotransmitters released- act locally on many targets
what do WNT proteins do and signalling pathway
act as morphogens by secretion of gradients
Want binds to frizzled receptor and recruits DISHEVELLED
Beta catenin is stabilised in the cytoplasm- DISSOCIATES destruction complex
this is transported to the nucleus
binds to the transcription factor Tcf AND TURNS ON GENE EXPRESSION
NEUROMUSCULAR JUNCTION- what does it use?
acetylcholine Ach
endocrine signalling- examples
long distance signalling
such as insulin
