Chapters 1-4 First Aid and Safety

3Es

A strategy to produce effective prevention by combining three types of of intervention: education, enforcement, and engineering

abandonment

Failure to continue first aid until relieved by someone with an equal or higher level of training

act of commission

A breach of duty in which the provider does something that a reasonable prudent person would not do under the same or similar circumstances

act of omission

A breach of duty in which the provider fails to do what reasonably prudent person with the same or similar training would do in the same or similar circumstances

assault

A threat or attempt to touch another person without consent

battery

Touching a person or providing first aid without consent

breach of duty

Failure of a first aid provider to deliver the type of care that would be given by a person having the same or similar thing

consent

An agreement by a person in need of care to accept treatment offered as explained by medical personnel or first aid providers

duty to act

A person’s responsibility to provide care

expressed consent

Permission for care that a person gives verbally or with a head nod

first aid

Immediate care given to an injured or suddenly ill person

Good Samaritan Laws

Laws that encourage people to voluntarily help an injured or sudden ill person by minimizing he liability for errors made while rendering emergency care in good faith

Haddon Matrix

A strategy for identifying interventions that can be applied to any type of illness or injury. Interventions proceed through three stages: pre-event, event, and post-event

implied consent

The legally permissible assumption that an unconscious person in need of emergency life-saving treatment would accept treatment, were they alert and able

negligence

Deviation from the accepted standard of care that results in further injury to the person

standard of care

The level of care legally and ethically required of a provider. To meet the standard of care when providing first aid, a provider must 1 do what is expected of someone with first aid training and experience working under similar conditions, and 2 treat the person to the best of their ability

airborne disease

An infection transmitted through the air, such as tuberculosis TB

bloodborne disease

An infection transmitted through the blood, such as human immunodeficiency virus HIV or hepatitis B virus HBV

communicable disease

A disease that can spread from person to person or from animal to person

desensitization

A process of deconditioning or counterconditioning designed reduce a person’s fears and anxieties. The idea is to weaken an undesirable response such as fainting by strengthening an incomplete response

emergency medical services

a system that represents the combined efforts of several professionals and agencies to provide emergency medical care

grieving process

The emotional process that a person works through after a stressful situation that causes personal pain. People go through several stages of grieving

hepatitis B virus

A viral infection of the liver or which a vaccine is available

hepatitis C virus

A viral infection of the liver for which no vaccine is currently available

human immunodeficiency virus

The virus that can cause acquired immunodeficiency syndrome AIDS

infectious disease

A medical condition used by the growth of small, harmful organisms within the body

personal protective equipment

Equipment, such as exam gloves, used to block the entry of an organism into the body

posttraumatic stress disorder

A delayed stress reaction to a prior emergency event

SARS-CoV-2

The virus that causes an infection called coronavirus 2019 COVID-19, which primarily affects the lungs and can lead to respiratory failure to death

standard precautions

Protective measures that have traditionally been developed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention CDC for use in dealing with objects, blood, body, fluids, or other potential exposure risks of communicable disease

tuberculosis

A bacterial disease usually affecting the lungs