Hans Eysenck, McCrae & Costa Dimensions of Personality

Flashcards about Hans Eysenck, Robert McCrae, and Paul Costa's personality theories.

When and where was Hans Eysenck born?

Born in Berlin, Germany on March 4, 1916

Where did Hans Eysenck obtain his Ph.D. and in what year?

University of London in 1940

Where did Hans Eysenck work as a researcher?

Mill Hill Emergency Hospital

Why did Hans Eysenck travel to the US in 1949?

To examine and evaluate clinical psychology programs at various universities.

What were Hans Eysenck's three major conclusions about the shortcomings of clinical training and practice in the US?

Clinical psychologists were subordinate to psychiatrists, slavishly utilized psychoanalytic concepts, and depended too heavily on projective tests.

What did Hans Eysenck do upon his return to England regarding the department of psychology?

Develop a program of study that was strongly scientific in orientation, with a focus on the interdependence of clinical and experimental work.

Name three personality assessments created by Hans Eysenck.

Eysenck Personality Inventory, Maudsley Medical Questionnaire, Maudsley Personality Inventory

When and where did Hans Eysenck die and what was the cause?

September 4, 1997, in London due to brain tumor

What are the two major orientations of psychology observed by Hans Eysenck?

Personality Psychology and Experimental Psychology

According to Eysenck, what is required in assessing personality?

Theoretical Approach + Use of experimental tests

According to Eysenck, what are the four components of personality?

Conative, Affective, Cognitive, and Physique

What are Hans Eysenck's three personality dimensions?

Extraversion (E), Neuroticism (N), and Psychoticism (P)

List the levels of Eysenck's hierarchical organization of personality (from abstract to specific).

Types, Traits, Habits, Specific acts

What are specific acts or cognitions?

Individual behaviors or thoughts that may or may not be characteristic of a person.

What are habitual acts or cognitions?

Responses that recur under similar conditions.

What is a trait?

Several related habitual responses - important semi-permanent personality dispositions.

What are types or super factors?

Made up of several interrelated traits.

What did Eysenck believe was the primary cause of differences between extraverts and introverts?

Cortical arousal level

What are the characteristics of extraverts?

Sociable and impulsive individuals who likes excitement and oriented toward external reality

What are the characteristics of introverts?

Quiet, introspective individuals who are oriented toward inner reality.

What are the characteristics of neurotics?

Emotionally unstable individuals with low self-esteem and proneness to guilt feelings. Anxiety level disproportionate to the realities of the situation.

What are the characteristics of stable individuals?

Emotionally healthy individuals with self-regulation skills.

What are the characteristics of psychotics?

Shows the most severe types of psychopathologies; insensitive, hostile, cruel, and inhumane.

What does the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ) measure?

Measures Psychoticism, Extraversion, and Neuroticism.

According to Eysenck, what is a human being in terms of biosocial creatures?

Innate predisposition to respond in a particular way in the environment; nature and nurture go together.

How did Eysenck confirm the strong genetic basis of the primary personality types?

The same three personality orientations are found universally, traits show stability over time, and twin studies support genetic hypothesis.

According to Eysenck, how is socialized conduct is mediated?

Conditioned response.

Why do individuals learn behavior that grants into their own wishes, according to Eysenck?

To avoid being punished by authority.

What degree and when did Paul Costa receive his B.A. and from which university?

1964 – BA., Clark University, in Psychology

What degree and when did Paul Costa receive his M.A. and from which university?

1968 – M.A., University in Chicago, in Human Development

What degree and when did Paul Costa receive his Ph.D. and from which university?

1970 – Ph.D., University of Chicago, in Human Development

What degree and when did Robert McCrae receive his B.A. and from which university?

1971 – B.A., Michigan State University in Philosophy

What degree and when did Robert McCrae receive his M.A. and from which university?

1974 – M.A., Boston University, in Personality Psychology

What degree and when did Robert McCrae receive his Ph.D. and from which university?

1976 – Ph.D., Boston University, in Personality Psychology

On which two main dimensions did Costa and McCrae initially focus?

Neuroticism and Extraversion

What are the characteristics of Neuroticism in the Five Factor Model?

Worried, insecure, nervous, highly strung

What are the characteristics of Extraversion in the Five Factor Model?

Sociable, talkative, fun-loving, affectionate

What are the characteristics of Openness in the Five Factor Model?

Original, independent, creative, daring

What are the characteristics of Agreeableness in the Five Factor Model?

Good natured, softhearted, trusting, courteous

What are the characteristics of Conscientiousness in the Five Factor Model?

Careful, reliable, hardworking, organized

How were the factors of the NEO Personality Inventory confirmed?

Self-ratings, objective tests, and observer’s reports

What is the NEO Personality Inventory?

A personality test developed by Costa and McCrae.

For Eysenck, define Personality.

Personality is a more or less stable and enduring organization of a person’s character, temperament, intellect, and physique.

According to McCrae and Costa, describe personality traits.

Personality traits are bipolar and follow a bell-shaped distribution.

What was Eysenck's occupation at Mill Hill Emergency Hospital?

Researcher at Mill Hill Emergency Hospital

What are particular types to identify

Traits

According to Eysenck, what is the role of predisposition in human beings?

People are born with innate predisposition to respond in a particular way in the environment.

According to Eysenck, how is socialized conduct is mediated?

Socialized conduct is mediated by conscience, which he defines as conditioned response.

How did Costa and McCrae initially approach their research on personality?

Factor analytic techniques to examine the stability and structure of personality.

What did McCrae and Costa agreed with Eysenck that personality traits are bipolar and follow a bell-shaped distribution

Eysenck believed personality traits are bipolar and follow a bell-shaped distribution