Tags & Description
Koch
Established the caused and effect of germs and disease (Matched bacteria with its disease) Ex: Bacillus anthracis and Anthrax
Cohn
Discovered bacterial endospores Classified bacteria based on shape
Lister
Developed system of surgery designed to prevent microbes from entering wounds
Leeuwenhoek
First to observe and accurately describe bacteria
Jenner
Discovered and used the smallpox vaccine to protect individuals
Pasteur
Disproved Spontaneous Generation Microorganisms carry out fermentation Pasteurization Rabies, anthrax, and chicken cholera vaccines
Size Range for Eukaryotes
0.8 um to millions of um
Size Range for Bacteria/Archaea
0.2 um to 750 um
Size Range for Viruses
0.01 um to 2.3 um
Universal Phylogenetic Tree is a 3 domain system based on...
The comparison of the DNA encoding small subbunit ribosomal RNA
Microbial Species
Collection of strains that share many stable properties and differ significantly from other groups of strains
Microbial Strain
Consists of the descendents of a single, pure microbial culture
3 methods to inrease the resolution under a microscope
Shorter wavelength (blue light)
Increase the numerical aperature (closer to the slide)
Increase the refractive index (immersion lens)
Gram Stain
Differential Stain Divides bacteria into 2 groups based on cell wall characteristics
Crystal Violet
Colorizes Gram+ and Gram- cells purple Primary Stain
Iodine
Mordant Creates a Crystal Violet-Iodine complex that helps the stain bind to the cell wall
Ethanol
Decolorizer Shrinks the spaces between CVI complexes in Gram+ cells Removes the crystal violet from the Gram- cells
Safranin
Secondary Stain Repelled by Gram+ cells Taken up by Gram- cells
Acid Fast Stain
Differential stain that distinguishes between bacteria with mycolic acid in the cell walls
Endospore Stain
Differential stain that distinguishes between between vegetative cells and endospores
What bond do lysozymes break?
Beta 1,4 Glycosidic Bonds
What bond does penicillin break?
Peptide Bonds
3 Exterior characteristics of bacteria that can contribute to pathogenicity
Capsules Slime Layers Fimbriae/Pili/Flagella
4 things that endospores are resistant to?
Heat Radiation Chemicals Dessication
General Purpose Media
Supports the growth of microbes
Selective Media
Favors the growth of some microbes and inhibits the growth of others
Differential Media
Distinguishes between different groups of microbes based on their biological characteristics
Pure Culture
population of cells arising from a single cell
2 Functions of Peptidoglycan
Helps provide shape to the cell Contributes to pathogenicity
2 Functions of LPS
Stimulates antibody and immune processes via O Antigen Endotoxin capabilities via lipid A