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MICR 3050- Majors Final Exam Unit 1
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Biology
Microbiology
Final Exam
Unit 1
University/Undergrad
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30 Terms
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Koch
Established the caused and effect of germs and disease
(Matched bacteria with its disease)
Ex: Bacillus anthracis and Anthrax
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Cohn
Discovered bacterial endospores
Classified bacteria based on shape
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Lister
Developed system of surgery designed to prevent microbes from entering wounds
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Leeuwenhoek
First to observe and accurately describe bacteria
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Jenner
Discovered and used the smallpox vaccine to protect individuals
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Pasteur
Disproved Spontaneous Generation
Microorganisms carry out fermentation
Pasteurization
Rabies, anthrax, and chicken cholera vaccines
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Size Range for Eukaryotes
0.8 um to millions of um
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Size Range for Bacteria/Archaea
0.2 um to 750 um
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Size Range for Viruses
0.01 um to 2.3 um
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Universal Phylogenetic Tree is a 3 domain system based on...
The comparison of the DNA encoding small subbunit ribosomal RNA
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Microbial Species
Collection of strains that share many stable properties and differ significantly from other groups of strains
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Microbial Strain
Consists of the descendents of a single, pure microbial culture
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3 methods to inrease the resolution under a microscope
1. Shorter wavelength (blue light)
2. Increase the numerical aperature (closer to the slide)
3. Increase the refractive index (immersion lens)
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Gram Stain
Differential Stain
Divides bacteria into 2 groups based on cell wall characteristics
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Crystal Violet
Colorizes Gram+ and Gram- cells purple
Primary Stain
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Iodine
Mordant
Creates a Crystal Violet-Iodine complex that helps the stain bind to the cell wall
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Ethanol
Decolorizer
Shrinks the spaces between CVI complexes in Gram+ cells
Removes the crystal violet from the Gram- cells
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Safranin
Secondary Stain
Repelled by Gram+ cells
Taken up by Gram- cells
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Acid Fast Stain
Differential stain that distinguishes between bacteria with mycolic acid in the cell walls
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Endospore Stain
Differential stain that distinguishes between between vegetative cells and endospores
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What bond do lysozymes break?
Beta 1,4 Glycosidic Bonds
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What bond does penicillin break?
Peptide Bonds
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3 Exterior characteristics of bacteria that can contribute to pathogenicity
Capsules
Slime Layers
Fimbriae/Pili/Flagella
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4 things that endospores are resistant to?
Heat
Radiation
Chemicals
Dessication
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General Purpose Media
Supports the growth of microbes
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Selective Media
Favors the growth of some microbes and inhibits the growth of others
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Differential Media
Distinguishes between different groups of microbes based on their biological characteristics
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Pure Culture
population of cells arising from a single cell
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2 Functions of Peptidoglycan
Helps provide shape to the cell
Contributes to pathogenicity
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2 Functions of LPS
Stimulates antibody and immune processes via O Antigen
Endotoxin capabilities via lipid A
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