MICR 3050- Majors Final Exam Unit 1

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Koch

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30 Terms
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Koch

Established the caused and effect of germs and disease (Matched bacteria with its disease) Ex: Bacillus anthracis and Anthrax

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Cohn

Discovered bacterial endospores Classified bacteria based on shape

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Lister

Developed system of surgery designed to prevent microbes from entering wounds

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Leeuwenhoek

First to observe and accurately describe bacteria

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Jenner

Discovered and used the smallpox vaccine to protect individuals

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Pasteur

Disproved Spontaneous Generation Microorganisms carry out fermentation Pasteurization Rabies, anthrax, and chicken cholera vaccines

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Size Range for Eukaryotes

0.8 um to millions of um

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Size Range for Bacteria/Archaea

0.2 um to 750 um

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Size Range for Viruses

0.01 um to 2.3 um

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Universal Phylogenetic Tree is a 3 domain system based on...

The comparison of the DNA encoding small subbunit ribosomal RNA

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Microbial Species

Collection of strains that share many stable properties and differ significantly from other groups of strains

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Microbial Strain

Consists of the descendents of a single, pure microbial culture

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3 methods to inrease the resolution under a microscope

  1. Shorter wavelength (blue light)

  2. Increase the numerical aperature (closer to the slide)

  3. Increase the refractive index (immersion lens)

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Gram Stain

Differential Stain Divides bacteria into 2 groups based on cell wall characteristics

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Crystal Violet

Colorizes Gram+ and Gram- cells purple Primary Stain

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Iodine

Mordant Creates a Crystal Violet-Iodine complex that helps the stain bind to the cell wall

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Ethanol

Decolorizer Shrinks the spaces between CVI complexes in Gram+ cells Removes the crystal violet from the Gram- cells

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Safranin

Secondary Stain Repelled by Gram+ cells Taken up by Gram- cells

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Acid Fast Stain

Differential stain that distinguishes between bacteria with mycolic acid in the cell walls

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Endospore Stain

Differential stain that distinguishes between between vegetative cells and endospores

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What bond do lysozymes break?

Beta 1,4 Glycosidic Bonds

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What bond does penicillin break?

Peptide Bonds

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3 Exterior characteristics of bacteria that can contribute to pathogenicity

Capsules Slime Layers Fimbriae/Pili/Flagella

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4 things that endospores are resistant to?

Heat Radiation Chemicals Dessication

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General Purpose Media

Supports the growth of microbes

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Selective Media

Favors the growth of some microbes and inhibits the growth of others

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Differential Media

Distinguishes between different groups of microbes based on their biological characteristics

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Pure Culture

population of cells arising from a single cell

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2 Functions of Peptidoglycan

Helps provide shape to the cell Contributes to pathogenicity

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2 Functions of LPS

Stimulates antibody and immune processes via O Antigen Endotoxin capabilities via lipid A

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