Memory

Chart(draw it)

Sensory memory

a type of storage that holds sensory information for a few seconds or less

Iconic memory

a fast-decaying store of visual information

Echoic memory

a fast-decaying store of auditory information

Working memory

holds non-sensory information for more than a few seconds but less than a minute

Rehearsal

keeping information in short-term memory by mentally repeating it

Chunking

combining small pieces of information into larger clusters or chunks that are more easily held in short-term memory

Long-term memory

a type of storage that holds information for hours, days, weeks, or years

Explicit memory

when people consciously or intentionally retrieve past experiences

Implicit memory

the influence of past experiences on later behavior and performance, even without an effort to remember them or an awareness of the recollection. (unconscious)

Semantic memory

a network of associated facts and concepts that make up our general knowledge of the world

Episodic memory

the collection of past personal experiences that occurred at a particular time and place

Consequences of distributed representation (Episodic)

Encoding Specificity

Context dependence

Encoding Specificity

Retrieval cues overlapping with those available during encoding makes memory better

Context dependence

Memory works better in context at encoding is identical to the state at retrieval

Procedural memory

the gradual acquisition of skills as a result of practice

Priming

an enhanced ability to think of a stimulus, such as a word or object, as a result of a recent exposure to the stimulus

Long Term Memory additional stufff

Encoding

Retrieval

Consolidation/Storage

Encoding

set of mental operations that convert information from stimuli into a form that can be stored in brain’s storage system

Retrival

reinstantiation/ reactivating the distributed representation created at encoding

• Retrieval cue

Retrival cue

“seed” for such reinstantiation / activates the memory

Consolidation/Storage

information is processed and organized in a form suitable for LT storage

Neural bases of Memory

Hippocampus - “convergence zone”

Damage to Hippocampus leads to significant impairment in creating new episodic memories

Patient “H.M”

Anterograde amnesia

inability to transfer new information from the short-term store into the long-term store