Laboratory Equipments

For Biol 5

Well Plate

Well Plate

This is made of plastic or ceramic and is used to hold several small amounts of liquids for reactions and analysis.

Beakers

Appearance - cylindrical container with a flat bottom, most have a spout

Uses - to hold and measure liquids, heating them over a Bunsen burner's flame, titration experiments

• commonly used as containers

Griffin Beakers

Type of Beaker

“Low-Form Beaker”

Appearance - standard beaker

Uses - daily lab uses

Berzelius Beakers

Type of Beaker

“Tall-Form Beaker”

Appearance - tall and thin, height is double the diameter

Uses - titration experiments

Crystallizer

Type of Beaker

“Flat Beaker”

Appearance - typically don’t have measurement markings

Uses - crystallization, hot-bath heating

Philips Beaker

Type of Beaker

Appearance - Slopping walls and narrow towards the mouth, slightly conical shape

Uses - mainly use for viscous liquids, daily lab uses

Flask

Appearance - usually made of glass, has a wider body and narrow neck

Uses - to make and hold solutions, to measure chemicals, to contain chemical reactions like boiling, precipitation and analysis,

Erlenmeyer Flask

Type of Flask

“Conical Flask”

Appearance - Conical shape, short neck

Uses - it’s designed so that its contents can be swirled easily without spilling out, boiling liquids, titration experiments

• used as reaction vessels

Volumetric Flask

Type of Flask

Appearance - long neck, pear-shaped, flat bottom

• The flask's label also indicates the nominal volume, tolerance, precision class, relevant manufacturing standard and the manufacturer's logo.

Uses - precise dilutions and preparation of standard solutions,

• more accurate than graduated cylinders and beakers

• often used when solutions containing dissolved solids of known concentration are needed

Round-Bottom Flask

Type of Flask

Appearance - Spherical bottoms, shorter neck than volumetric

Uses - distillation, chemical reactions, heating liquid sample, and storage

Büchner flask

Type of Flask

Filtering Flask or Bunsen flask or Sidearm flask

Appearance - conical shape with a flat bottom, tapered neck, and a sidearm for use in vacuum filtration.

Uses - rapid filtration of liquids

• Used with Buchner funnel and a hose to a source of vacuum in vacuum-assisted liquid filtering

Florence Flask

Type of Flask

Appearance - round bottom, wider and longer neck than round-bottom flask, no glass joint in the neck,

Uses - useful as a reaction vessel as well as for heating solutions

Desiccator

Appearance - glass container with sealable enclosure

Uses - preserving moisture-sensitive chemicals; protect chemicals that are hygroscopic or which react with water from humidity

Crucible

Appearance - cup-shaped with lid, usually made of porcelain

Uses - used to contain chemical compounds when heating them to very high temperatures

• needs to be heat-treated before its first use

Kipp’s Apparatus

“Kipp Generator”

Appearance - made of glass; consists of three vertically stacked chambers, roughly resembling a snowman

Uses - for preparation of small volumes of gases.

Microscope Slide

Appearance - Rectangle thin flat glass

Uses - to hold objects or view samples for examination under a microscope

Cover Slip

Appearance - a thin flat piece of glass, smaller than M. Slide

Uses - placed over a specimen on a microscope slide, to hold the specimen in place and protect it from contamination from the environment.

Petri Dish

Appearance - shallow transparent lidded dish, made with glass or plastic

Uses - to culture different types of cells, including bacteria and molds.

Watch Glass

Appearance - circular piece of glass, slightly concave

Uses - evaporate liquids and cover beakers during sample preparation

Beral Pipette

Type of Pipette

“Transfer Pipettes”

Appearance - Plastic Pipette, graduated or non-graduated

Uses - Non-quantitative transfer, transfer a larger amount of liquid where accuracy is not important,

• Disposable

Pasteur Pipette

Type of Pipette

“Glass Pipette”

Appearance - thin glass transfer pipette, usually not-graduated

Uses - transfer small amounts of liquids

• needs a rubber bulb to draw liquid

• higher precision and more accuracy as compared to the Beral pipette

• dropper or eye dropper

Volumetric Pipette

Type of Pipette

“Bulb Pipette”

Appearance - long slender necks, equipped with a large bulb with a single graduation mark

Uses -

to transfer the volume of liquid for use in creating a solution or dilution, prepare solutions for titration

can be used to investigate chemical properties and analyze reactions

• highly accurate for specific volume

Serological Pipettes

Type of Pipette

“Blow-out pipettes”

Appearance - graduated, long and straight tube, uses pipette bulb, pen-like

• designed to be blown out by either external air pressure or gravitation force

• requires a vacuum source for liquid dispensing

Uses - transferring liquid in milliliter volumes, useful for mixing solutions and cell suspensions

• offer clear ascending and descending graduation

Teat Pipette

“Dropper”

Combination of Pasteur pipettes and bulb

Pipette Bulb

Appearance - bulb, usually made of rubber

Use - to create a vacuum or apply pressure to the liquid contents of a pipette; to collect, transfer, and dispense liquids

Funnel

Appearance - a tube or pipe that is wide at the top and narrow at the bottom

Uses - filtering, filling, decanting or transferring liquids or powders from one vessel to another

Büchner Funnel

Type of Funnel

Appearance -cylindrical construction with a large, fritted (or perforated) top opening consisting of many tiny holes

Uses - separate solids from liquids, vacuum-assisted liquid filtering, removes moisture and helps to collect recrystallized compounds

• Filter Funnels

• often used with Buchner flask

• proceeds more quickly than other funnels

Hirsch Funnel

Type of Funnel

Appearance - similar to Buchner but smaller and have sloping walls

Uses - used to filter and collect solids from a small volume of liquid (1-10 ml)

• Filter Funnels

Dropping Funnel

Type of Funnel

Appearance - glass tube with a large cylindrical bulb in the middle, have a valve in the bottom, narrow at the bottom and have a wide opening at the top

Uses - transfer fluids, used to add or drop liquids to a reaction mixture, useful for adding reagents slowly

• stopcock (valve) allows the flow to be controlled

• Pressure equalizing funnel, addition funnels

• can be graduated or non-graduated

Separating Funnels

Type of Funnel

Appearance - wide at the bottom and have a narrow opening at the top, Squibb or pear shape

• have a stopper on top to prevent spills

• have a stopcock(valve)

Uses - separate immiscible liquids, separate low-density liquid and high density

• not designed for filtration (solid from liquid)

Powder Funnel

Type of Funnel

Appearance - typical funnels but have a wider spout and short neck

Uses - to channel liquids or fine-grained chemicals (powders) into labware with a narrow neck or opening,

• enable the clean transfer of powders, granulated materials, or other solids

Weighing Funnel

Type of Funnel

Appearance - have a wide opening, flat bottoms, and are designed to fit narrow neck vessels.

Uses - weighing and transporting powder

• one flat side for stability, ensuring that the funnel will not roll-off

Test Tubes

“culture or sample tube”

Appearance - finger-like length of glass or clear plastic tubing, open at the top and closed at the bottom

• spherical bottom and vertical sides reduce mass loss when pouring, make them easier to wash out, and allow convenient monitoring of the contents

• narrow neck of test tube slows down the spreading of gases to the environment

Uses - to hold, mix, or heat small quantities of solid or liquid chemicals; to culture, or grow, samples of various organic materials such as bacteria, mold, and yeast

• Boiling Tube - larger tube for boiling substances

Spirit Lamp/ Alcohol Burner

Appearance - small jar with a tank for fuel and comes with a lid which has a tiny hole to hold a single wick

Uses - used to produce open single flame (2 inches), can be used for flame sterilization

• Typical fuel is denatured alcohol, methanol, or isopropanol

• cap is used as a snuffer for extinguishing the flame

Bunsen Burner

Appearance - air gas burner

Used - for heating, sterilization, and combustion

• The gas can be natural gas (which is mainly methane) or a liquefied petroleum gas, such as propane, butane, or a mixture.

• the burner is placed underneath a laboratory tripod, which supports a beaker or other container

• alternative burners; teclu, meker, tirrill

Graduated Cylinder

Measuring Cylinders

Appearance- long and slender containers with measurement, tall cylindrical beakers

Uses - used to measure the volume of a liquids, chemicals or solutions, can measure displacement

• more precise and accurate than the common laboratory flasks and beakers

Mortar and Pestle

Appearance - Bowl and Pestle commonly made of stone, ceramic, or wood

Uses - crush up solid chemicals into smaller pieces, or to grind solids into fine powder, makes it easier to dissolve solids into solvents

Tripod Stand

Appearance - three-legged platform, commonly triangular or circular, tall enough for a bunsen burner

Uses - basic heating experiments, platform to support and hols flask and beakers

Filter Paper

Appearance - Circle paper with tiny pores

Uses - separate fine substances from liquids or airflow as a semi-permeable barrier

Burette

Appearance - graduated glass tube with a stopcock(valve)

• stopcock is at top; gas burette, at bottom; liquid burette

Uses - quantitative chemical analysis to measure the volume of a liquid or a gas, used for titration

Burette Clamp

Appearance - single or double Y-shaped items, with a C-shaped opening, which have spring action clamps

Uses - specifically to hold and secure a burette on a stand

Utility Clamp

Appearance - attached to a medal rod or the ring stand

Uses - used to fasten or support apparatus such as a beaker, and flasks, etc.

• Two/Three - Prong Extension Clamps, Fixed-Position Clamps, Closed-Yoke Clamps, Fixed-Position Clamps

Ring Clamps

“iron ring”

Appearance - conjoined metal ring and radially extending rod

Uses - used to hold separatory funnels and secure funnels when filtering or pouring liquids

• have superior thermal resistance and offer some of the most stability you can get out of a stand clamp

Ring Stand

“Clamp/retort/support stand”

Appearance - heavy base and a vertical rod

Uses - stability when different clamps and iron rings are attached, distillations, filtration, and titration experiments

Test Tube Stand/Rack

Used to hold upright multiple test tubes at the same time

Test Tube Holder/Clamp

Appearance - similar to a tongs

Uses - to hold test tubes when it is not supposed to be touched

Glass Rod

“Stirring Rod”

Used to mix chemicals and liquids for laboratory purposes

Crucible Tongs

a scissor-like tool used to grip and lift objects instead of holding them directly with hands.

Spatula/Scoopula

spatula-like scoop utensil; used for scraping, transferring, or applying powders and paste-like chemicals or treatments. Many spatula brands are also resistant to acids, bases, heat, and solvents, which make them ideal for use with a wide range of compounds.

Wash Bottle

a squeeze bottle with a nozzle, used to rinse various pieces of laboratory glassware, such as test tubes and round bottom flasks

Beaker Tongs

tongs with rubber grips shaped to hold a beaker

Ceramic Fabric Squares

asbestos-free insulating squares that are ideal for protecting laboratory bench tops against heat

Rubber Stoppers

“Rubber Bungs”

used to seal bottles, tubes and many other containers

Eudiometer

“Glass Collecting Tube”

Appearance - Large glass tube, graduated

Uses - used to measure changes in volume of gases during chemical reactions

Forceps

small tool that is used to hold or pick up small objects

“tweezers”

Pneumatic Through

a piece of laboratory apparatus used for collecting gases, such as hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen.

RUBBER TUBING

• Rubber tubing is often connected to a condenser, which is a laboratory tool used in the process of distillation;

• helps cool water to flow in and out of the condenser and helps the heated water vapor in the condenser return to its liquid state;

• used to circulate and transport liquids and gases

Safety Googles/Glasses

worn in the lab to protect the eyes

Spot Plate

“Reaction/culture plates"

lab instrument designed to facilitate the testing of multiple samples

Thermometer

used to measure the boiling point and freezing point during science experiments.

Wire Gauze

• used to spread the heat of a burner flame and to support glassware

• Intended for flat-bottomed glassware such as beakers, and flasks.

• made of iron wire strands with or without ceramic interior cores

Reagent bottle

“media bottles or graduated bottles”

• containers made of glass, plastic, borosilicate or related substances, and topped by special caps or stoppers

• They are intended to contain chemicals in liquid or powder form for laboratories and stored in cabinets or on shelves.

Simple/Dissecting Microscope

• uses a single lens for magnification

Compound Microscope

• uses 3-5 lenses

• 'monocular and binocular

Weigh Boat

economical containers for weighing liquid or powdered samples in the laboratory

Magnetic Stirrer

• consists of a rotating magnet or a stationary electromagnet that creates a rotating magnetic field.

• This device is used to make a stir bar, immerse in a liquid, quickly spin, or stirring or mixing a solution

Digital Balance

• “electronic balance”

• is used to precisely and accurately measure the weight of materials

• The use of electronic balance includes scientific and pharmaceutical research, bakeries, and chemical laboratories

Water Bath

• container filled with heated water

• used to incubate samples in water at a constant temperature over a long period of time

Digital Conductivity Meters

“Digital Conductometer”

• measures the electrical conductivity in a solution

• reliable and accurate test instruments for measurement of Conductivity of aqueous solutions

Digital pH meter

a scientific instrument that measures the hydrogen-ion activity in water-based solutions, indicating its acidity or alkalinity expressed as pH