Laboratory Equipments

For Biol 5

Well Plate

This is made of plastic or ceramic and is used to hold several small amounts of liquids for reactions and analysis.

Beakers

Appearance - cylindrical container with a flat bottom, most have a spout

Uses - to hold and measure liquids, heating them over a Bunsen burner's flame, titration experiments

* commonly used as containers

Griffin Beakers

Type of Beaker

*“Low-Form Beaker”*

Appearance - standard beaker

Uses - daily lab uses

Berzelius Beakers

Type of Beaker

“*Tall-Form Beaker”*

Appearance - tall and thin, height is double the diameter

Uses - titration experiments

Crystallizer

Type of Beaker

*“Flat Beaker”*

Appearance - typically don’t have measurement markings

Uses - crystallization, hot-bath heating

Philips Beaker

Type of Beaker

Appearance - Slopping walls and narrow towards the mouth, slightly conical shape

Uses - mainly use for viscous liquids, daily lab uses

Flask

Appearance - usually made of glass, has a wider body and narrow neck

Uses - to make and hold solutions, to measure chemicals, to contain chemical reactions like boiling, precipitation and analysis,

Erlenmeyer Flask

Type of Flask

“*Conical Flask”*

Appearance - Conical shape, short neck

Uses - it’s designed so that its contents can be swirled easily without spilling out, boiling liquids, titration experiments

* used as reaction vessels

Volumetric Flask

Type of Flask

Appearance - long neck, pear-shaped, flat bottom

• The flask's label also indicates the nominal volume, tolerance, precision class, relevant manufacturing standard and the manufacturer's logo.

Uses - precise dilutions and preparation of standard solutions,

• more accurate than graduated cylinders and beakers

• often used when solutions containing dissolved solids of known concentration are needed

Round-Bottom Flask

Type of Flask

Appearance - Spherical bottoms, shorter neck than volumetric

Uses - distillation, chemical reactions, heating liquid sample, and storage

Büchner flask

Type of Flask

*Filtering Flask or Bunsen flask or Sidearm flask*

Appearance - conical shape with a flat bottom, tapered neck, and a sidearm for use in vacuum filtration.

Uses - rapid filtration of liquids

* Used with Buchner funnel and a hose to a source of vacuum in *vacuum-assisted liquid filtering*

Florence Flask

Type of Flask

Appearance - round bottom, wider and longer neck than round-bottom flask, no glass joint in the neck,

Uses - useful as a reaction vessel as well as for heating solutions

Desiccator

Appearance - glass container with sealable enclosure

Uses - preserving moisture-sensitive chemicals; protect chemicals that are hygroscopic or which react with water from humidity

Crucible

Appearance - cup-shaped with lid, usually made of porcelain

Uses - used to contain chemical compounds when heating them to very high temperatures

* needs to be heat-treated before its first use

Kipp’s Apparatus

*“Kipp Generator”*

Appearance - made of glass; consists of three vertically stacked chambers, roughly resembling a snowman

Uses - for preparation of small volumes of gases.

Microscope Slide

Appearance - Rectangle thin flat glass

Uses - to hold objects or view samples for examination under a microscope

Cover Slip

Appearance - a thin flat piece of glass, smaller than M. Slide

Uses - placed over a specimen on a microscope slide, to hold the specimen in place and protect it from contamination from the environment.

Petri Dish

Appearance - shallow transparent lidded dish, made with glass or plastic

Uses - to culture different types of cells, including bacteria and molds.

Watch Glass

Appearance - circular piece of glass, slightly concave

Uses - *evaporate liquids* and cover beakers during sample preparation

Beral Pipette

Type of Pipette

*“Transfer Pipettes”*

Appearance - Plastic Pipette, graduated or non-graduated

Uses - Non-quantitative transfer, transfer a *larger amount of liquid* where accuracy is not important,

* Disposable

Pasteur Pipette

Type of Pipette

“Glass Pipette”

Appearance - thin glass transfer pipette, usually not-graduated

Uses - transfer small amounts of liquids

• needs a rubber bulb to draw liquid

• higher precision and more accuracy as compared to the Beral pipette

• dropper or eye dropper

Volumetric Pipette

Type of Pipette

“Bulb Pipette”

Appearance - long slender necks, equipped with a large *bulb* with a *single graduation mark*

Uses -

to transfer the volume of liquid for use in creating a solution or dilution, prepare solutions for titration

can be used to investigate chemical properties and analyze reactions

* highly accurate for specific volume

Serological Pipettes

Type of Pipette

“Blow-out pipettes”

Appearance - graduated, long and straight tube, uses pipette bulb, pen-like

• designed to be blown out by either external air pressure or gravitation force

• requires a vacuum source for liquid dispensing

Uses - transferring liquid in milliliter volumes, useful for mixing solutions and cell suspensions

• offer clear ascending and descending graduation

Teat Pipette

“*Dropper”*

Combination of Pasteur pipettes and bulb

Pipette Bulb

Appearance - bulb, usually made of rubber

Use - to create a vacuum or apply pressure to the liquid contents of a pipette; to collect, transfer, and dispense liquids

Funnel

Appearance - a tube or pipe that is wide at the top and narrow at the bottom

Uses - filtering, filling, decanting or transferring liquids or powders from one vessel to another

Büchner Funnel

Type of Funnel

Appearance -cylindrical construction with a large, fritted (or perforated) top opening consisting of many tiny holes

Uses - separate solids from liquids, vacuum-assisted liquid filtering, removes moisture and helps to collect recrystallized compounds

• Filter Funnels

• often used with Buchner flask

• proceeds more quickly than other funnels

Hirsch Funnel

Type of Funnel

Appearance - similar to Buchner but smaller and have sloping walls

Uses - used to filter and collect solids from a small volume of liquid (1-10 ml)

* Filter Funnels

Dropping Funnel

Type of Funnel

Appearance - glass tube with a large cylindrical bulb in the middle, have a valve in the bottom, narrow at the bottom and have a wide opening at the top

Uses - transfer fluids, used to add or drop liquids to a reaction mixture, useful for adding reagents slowly

• stopcock (valve) allows the flow to be controlled

• Pressure equalizing funnel, addition funnels

• can be graduated or non-graduated

Separating Funnels

Type of Funnel

Appearance - wide at the bottom and have a narrow opening at the top, Squibb or pear shape

• have a stopper on top to prevent spills

• have a stopcock(valve)

Uses - separate immiscible liquids, separate low-density liquid and high density

• not designed for filtration (solid from liquid)

Powder Funnel

Type of Funnel

Appearance - typical funnels but have a wider spout and short neck

Uses - to channel liquids or fine-grained chemicals (powders) into labware with a narrow neck or opening,

* enable the clean transfer of powders, granulated materials, or other solids

Weighing Funnel

Type of Funnel

Appearance - have a wide opening, flat bottoms, and are designed to fit narrow neck vessels.

Uses - weighing and transporting powder

* one flat side for stability, ensuring that the funnel will not roll-off

Test Tubes

“culture or sample tube”

Appearance - finger-like length of glass or clear plastic tubing, open at the top and closed at the bottom

• spherical bottom and vertical sides reduce mass loss when pouring, make them easier to wash out, and allow convenient monitoring of the contents

• narrow neck of test tube slows down the spreading of gases to the environment

Uses - to hold, mix, or heat small quantities of solid or liquid chemicals; to culture, or grow, samples of various organic materials such as bacteria, mold, and yeast

• Boiling Tube - larger tube for boiling substances

Spirit Lamp/ Alcohol Burner

Appearance - small jar with a tank for fuel and comes with a lid which has a tiny hole to hold a single wick

Uses - used to produce open single flame (2 inches), can be used for flame sterilization

• Typical fuel is denatured alcohol, methanol, or isopropanol

• cap is used as a snuffer for extinguishing the flame

Bunsen Burner

Appearance - air gas burner

Used - for heating, sterilization, and combustion

• The gas can be natural gas (which is mainly methane) or a liquefied petroleum gas, such as propane, butane, or a mixture.

• the burner is placed underneath a laboratory tripod, which supports a beaker or other container

• alternative burners; teclu, meker, tirrill

Graduated Cylinder

Measuring Cylinders

Appearance- long and slender containers with measurement, *tall cylindrical beakers*

Uses - used to measure the volume of a liquids, chemicals or solutions, can measure displacement

* more precise and accurate than the common laboratory flasks and beakers

Mortar and Pestle

Appearance - Bowl and Pestle commonly made of stone, ceramic, or wood

Uses - crush up solid chemicals into smaller pieces, or to grind solids into fine powder, makes it easier to dissolve solids into solvents

Tripod Stand

Appearance - three-legged platform, commonly triangular or circular, tall enough for a __bunsen burner__

Uses - basic heating experiments, platform to support and hols flask and beakers

Filter Paper

Appearance - Circle paper with tiny pores

Uses - separate fine substances from liquids or airflow as a semi-permeable barrier

Burette

Appearance - graduated glass tube with a stopcock(valve)

* stopcock is at top; gas burette, at bottom; liquid burette

Uses - quantitative chemical analysis to measure the volume of a liquid or a gas, used for titration

Burette Clamp

Appearance - single or double Y-shaped items, with a C-shaped opening, which have spring action clamps

Uses - specifically to hold and secure a burette on a stand

Utility Clamp

Appearance - attached to a medal rod or the ring stand

Uses - used to fasten or support apparatus such as a beaker, and flasks, etc.

* Two/Three - Prong Extension Clamps, Fixed-Position Clamps, Closed-Yoke Clamps, Fixed-Position Clamps

Ring Clamps

“*iron ring”*

Appearance - conjoined metal ring and radially extending rod

Uses - used to hold separatory funnels and secure funnels when filtering or pouring liquids

* have superior thermal resistance and offer some of the most stability you can get out of a stand clamp

Ring Stand

“*Clamp/retort/support stand”*

Appearance - heavy base and a vertical rod

Uses - stability when different clamps and iron rings are attached, distillations, filtration, and titration experiments

Test Tube Stand/Rack

Used to hold upright multiple test tubes at the same time

Test Tube Holder/Clamp

Appearance - similar to a tongs

Uses - to hold test tubes when it is not supposed to be touched

Glass Rod

*“Stirring Rod”*

Used to mix chemicals and liquids for laboratory purposes

Crucible Tongs

a scissor-like tool used to grip and lift objects instead of holding them directly with hands.

Spatula/Scoopula

__spatula__-like scoop utensil; *used for scraping, transferring, or applying powders and paste-like chemicals or treatments.* Many spatula brands are also *resistant to acids, bases, heat, and solvents*, which make them ideal for use with a wide range of compounds.

Wash Bottle

a squeeze bottle with a nozzle, *used to rinse various pieces of laboratory glassware*, such as test tubes and round bottom flasks

Beaker Tongs

tongs with rubber grips shaped to hold a beaker

Ceramic Fabric Squares

asbestos-free *insulating squares* that are ideal for protecting laboratory bench tops against heat

Rubber Stoppers

“*Rubber Bungs*”

used to seal bottles, tubes and many other containers

Eudiometer

“*Glass Collecting Tube”*

Appearance - Large glass tube, graduated

Uses - used to measure changes in volume of gases during chemical reactions

Forceps

small tool that is used to hold or pick up small objects

“*tweezers”*

Pneumatic Through

a piece of laboratory apparatus *used for collecting gases*, such as hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen.

RUBBER TUBING

• Rubber tubing is often connected to a condenser, which is a laboratory tool used in the process of distillation;

• helps cool water to flow in and out of the condenser and helps the heated water vapor in the condenser return to its liquid state;

• used to circulate and transport liquids and gases

Safety Googles/Glasses

worn in the lab to protect the eyes

Spot Plate

“*Reaction/culture plates"*

lab instrument designed to facilitate the testing of multiple samples

Thermometer

used to measure the boiling point and freezing point during science experiments.

Wire Gauze

• used to spread the heat of a burner flame and to support glassware

• Intended for flat-bottomed glassware such as beakers, and flasks.

• made of iron wire strands with or without ceramic interior cores

Reagent bottle

“media bottles or graduated bottles”

• containers made of glass, plastic, borosilicate or related substances, and topped by special caps or stoppers

• They are intended to contain chemicals in liquid or powder form for laboratories and stored in cabinets or on shelves.

Simple/Dissecting Microscope

* uses a single lens for magnification

Compound Microscope

• uses 3-5 lenses

• 'monocular and binocular

Weigh Boat

economical containers for *weighing liquid or powdered samples* in the laboratory

Magnetic Stirrer

• consists of a rotating magnet or a stationary electromagnet that creates a rotating magnetic field.

• This device is used to make a stir bar, immerse in a liquid, quickly spin, or stirring or mixing a solution

Digital Balance

• “electronic balance”

• is used to precisely and accurately measure the weight of materials

• The use of electronic balance includes scientific and pharmaceutical research, bakeries, and chemical laboratories

Water Bath

• container filled with heated water

• used to incubate samples in water at a constant temperature over a long period of time

Digital Conductivity Meters

“Digital Conductometer”

• measures the electrical conductivity in a solution

• reliable and accurate test instruments for measurement of Conductivity of aqueous solutions

Digital pH meter

a scientific instrument that measures the hydrogen-ion activity in water-based solutions, indicating its acidity or alkalinity expressed as pH