Studied by 1 personex nihilo
“out of nothing”
matter
anything that occupies space and has mass
4
how many states of matter are there?
states
forms in which matter may exist
temperature
fill in the blank
when dealing with a single substance, _____________ is often the most important of these factors
kinetic energy
energy of motion
kinetic
fill in the blank
the temperature of matter is an indirect measurement of the particles’ average _________ energy
solid
state of matter that is characterized by a definite shape and volume
liquid
state of matter characterized by a definite volume but no definite shape
gas
state of matter characterized by neither a definite volume nor a definite shape
plasma
state of matter that is a hot gas in which atoms are partially broken down to form charged particles; most common state of matter
substance
form of matter with unique properties that make it different from every other substance
atoms
any of the smallest particles into which an element can be divided and still remain that element
elements
substances that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by ordinary chemical means
atomic symbol
unique symbol assigned to an element
molecules
two or more atoms linked together
compound
two or more elements bonded together; substance that can be decomposed by chemical means into simpler substances
oxygen
by far the most abundant element by mass, occurring both as a free element in the atmosphere and combined with hydrogen to form water
iron
hydrogen
formula
grouping of symbols that tells what types of atoms compose a compound and the number of each type of atom in one molecule of the compound
pure substances
substances that have a definite composition and are homogeneous; an element or compound
homogeneous
substance that is composed of the same kind of matter throughout
mixture
substance consisting of two or more pure substances that are physically mixed but not chemically combined
heterogeneous
mixture that consists of pure substances that are incompletely mixed
phase
a homogeneous part of a system that is in contact with but physically distinct from other parts of the system
john dalton
who proposed the atomic theory?
chemical reaction
the result of rearrangement, combination, or separation of atoms
law of definite composition
law stating that the masses of each element in a given compound always have the same ratio
law of multiple proportions
law stating that when two elements can combine to form more than one compound, the masses of one element that combine with a fixed mass of the other element are in a ratio of small whole numbers
Note
Flashcard