anxiety, personality disorders,, obsessive-compulsive, & trauma/stressor related disorders

anxiety symptoms management

• psychotherapy

• CBT

• medications

side effects of anxiety medications

drowsiness, ataxia, headache, nausea, depression, dependence

anxiety specific considerations for OT

• skills training and CBT

• relaxation and stress management skills

• graded activities designed to promote self efficacy - increase self confidence

• systematic desensitization

  • involves incremental exposure

antisocial personality

• continual antisocial or criminal acts

• no regard for safety or feelings of others, lack remorse

avoidant personality disorders

• extreme sensitivity to rejection

• great desire for companionship but consider themselves unworthy

• unusually strong and repeated guarantees of uncritical acceptance

borderline personality disorder

• unstable affect, mood, behavior, relationships, and self image

• unstable and intense interpersonal relationships

• recurrent self destruction or self mutilating behaviors

dependent personality disorder

• subordinate their own needs to those of others and needs of others

• lack self confidence

histrionic personality disorder

• colorful, dramatic, extroverted behavior in excitable, emotional persons

• inability to maintain deep, long lasting attachments

personality disorder considerations for OT

• individualized assistance

• CBT (including DBT) can increase functional and coping skills

obsessive compulsive disorder

• persistent thoughts or feelings that are unwanted, intrusive, and inappropriate based on the stimulus or situations

symptom management of obsessive disorders

• psychotherapy

• CBT

• medications

obsessive medication side effects

• drowsiness, ataxia, headache, nausea, depression, dependence

obsessive specific consideration for OT

• skills training and CBT

• relaxation and stress management

• graded activities to promote self efficacy

reactive attachment disorder (RAD) of infancy or early childhood; impact on function

• challenging behaviors

  • need to be in control

  • frequent lying

  • affectionate and overly related with strangers

  • frequent episodes of hoarding or gorging on food

  • denial of responsibility

  • projecting blame on others

RAD specific considerations for OT

• close and ongoing collab with child and family

  • actively involve family

• assist children to form more secure sense of self

• limit exposure to multiple caregivers

• provide high levels of structure

• goals need to be specific, realistic, and attainable

disinhibited social engagement disorder

• child initiates active interaction with unfamiliar adults

  • little reservation

  • overly familiar use of words

  • child willing to leave with unfamiliar adults