S and P Block Elements

These flashcards cover key vocabulary and concepts related to the S and P block elements, essential for understanding atomic structure and periodic trends.

Atomic Radius

The distance between the nucleus and the outermost electron in an atom.

Trend Down the Group

Atomic radius increases down the group due to the addition of electron shells.

Trend Along the Period

Atomic radius decreases along a period due to increased nuclear attraction as electrons are added to the same shell.

Ionic Radius

The distance between the nucleus and the outermost electron in an ion.

Cation Radius

The radius of a cation is smaller than that of its parent atom due to increased effective nuclear charge.

Anion Radius

The radius of an anion is larger than that of its parent atom due to increased electron-electron repulsion.

Ionization Energy (I.E.)

The minimum amount of energy required to remove the outermost electron from an atom in the gaseous state.

Trend in Ionization Energy Down the Group

Ionization energy decreases down the group due to increased atomic size and decreased nuclear attraction.

Trend in Ionization Energy Along the Period

Ionization energy increases along a period due to a decrease in atomic size and increased nuclear attraction.

Electronegativity

The tendency of an atom to attract electrons in a chemical bond.

Trend in Electronegativity Down the Group

Electronegativity decreases down the group due to increased atomic size.

Trend in Electronegativity Along the Period

Electronegativity increases along a period due to decreased atomic size.

Electrical Conductivity

The ability of a material to conduct electricity, influenced by the presence of free electrons.

Boiling Point

The temperature at which the vapor pressure of a liquid equals the external pressure.

Melting Point

The temperature at which a solid becomes a liquid.

Amphoteric Oxides

Oxides that can react with both acids and bases.

Basic Oxides

Oxides that react with acids to form salts and water.

Acidic Oxides

Oxides that react with bases.