Nutrition NCLEX Review - Summer 2023

A set of practice NCLEX-style nutrition flashcards drawn from the provided lecture notes.

What gluten-free foods are recommended for a client with celiac disease to include in their diet?

Milk, cheese, rice, corn, eggs, potatoes, fruits, vegetables, fresh meats, fish, dried beans; read all food and non-food labels to avoid gluten.

What are common manifestations of Vitamin A toxicity?

Mental status changes, seizures, headache, blurred vision; chronic toxicity can cause alopecia, anorexia, pruritus, mucous membrane drying, muscle/bone pain, and hyperlipidemia.

During the oliguric phase of AKI, how should fluid intake be calculated?

Daily fluids allowed equal urine output plus 500 mL.

List several high-fiber food sources.

Berries, apples with skin, bananas, cooked peas, broccoli, Brussels sprouts, potatoes with skin, raw cauliflower/carrots, whole grains, oats, air-popped popcorn, brown rice, legumes, nuts, seeds.

What does a lacto-vegetarian diet include, and what nutrients require attention?

Includes dairy; nutrients to monitor include vitamin D, vitamin B12, calcium, and omega-3 fatty acids.

What are common routes and methods for enteral nutrition?

Routes: nasogastric, nasoduodenal, nasojejunal, and gastrostomy (PEG). Feeding patterns: continuous, cyclic, intermittent, bolus; continuous infusion has lower risk of aspiration.

List common metabolic complications of total parenteral nutrition (TPN).

Hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia, hyperkalemia, hypophosphatemia, hypocalcemia, dehydration, fluid overload, and refeeding syndrome.

What dietary instructions help a client with chemotherapy-induced nausea?

Eat cold or room-temperature foods; high-carbohydrate, low-fat options; avoid fried foods; do not eat before therapy; take antiemetics; sit up for 1 hour after meals; sip fluids; ginger can help.

How is BMI calculated, and what is the normal BMI range?

BMI = weight(kg) / height(m)^2 or weight(lbs)/height(in)^2 × 703; normal BMI is 18.5–24.9.

How do you calculate percent weight loss?

% weight loss = [(usual weight − present weight) / usual weight] × 100; example: 175 to 130 equals 25.7%.

Which dietary modification should be included in discharge teaching for GERD?

Avoid intake of caffeine and alcoholic beverages.

Which statement indicates a need for further teaching about dumping syndrome after gastric surgery?

I should use honey or jelly instead of butter.

For an enteral feeding via nasogastric tube, which intervention helps maintain fluid balance?

Irrigate the tube with water as ordered and include the irrigation fluid in daily I&O.

Which breastfeeding statement indicates a need for further teaching?

It is important to avoid drinking fluids while breastfeeding to prevent milk dilution.

Which nursing actions are appropriate for a client receiving TPN?

Cover blood glucose with a sliding-scale insulin; inspect the TPN solution for layering; monitor liver function tests.

To assess swallowing ability after stroke with residual dysphagia, which action would you ask the patient to perform?

Produce an audible cough.

What is the best nursing action for an Orthodox Jewish patient with a tray containing meat and dairy in the same meal?

Have the entire meal tray replaced; meat and dairy cannot be consumed together.

Which menu items reflect the DASH diet?

Grilled chicken sandwich, strawberries, and lettuce salad.

Which foods should a burn patient eat most often to support wound healing?

Meats, citrus fruits, and milk.

Which food is especially rich in thiamine for a cirrhosis patient?

Legumes (also include nuts, whole-grain cereals, and pork as other good sources).

Which foods are high in potassium?

Raisins, potatoes, cantaloupe, strawberries.

Which vitamin is commonly lacking in a vegan diet?

Vitamin B12.

Which findings are associated with malnutrition?

Poor wound healing, dry hair, weak hand grips, impaired coordination.

Which risk factors should be included when teaching about osteoporosis?

Inactivity, family history, cigarette smoking.

What cancer prevention instructions should be included in a nutrition class?

Eat foods high in vitamin A and cruciferous vegetables.

Which signs would you expect with hypoglycemia?

Diaphoresis (sweating) and cool, clammy skin.

Which actions are appropriate for a client with ESRD on hemodialysis?

Monitor daily weight; encourage fluid restrictions; evaluate intake and output; monitor potassium.

Which food item is high in vitamin D?

Eggs (large poached eggs).