Studied by 2 people
World War I and its Effects
Allied Power
Britain, France, Russia
Central Power
Germany, Austria-Hungary, Ottoman Empires of Turkey
U.S. policy of neutrality
U.S. wanted to maintain equal trade between allies and axis
submarines
German invention that threatened ships which entered “war zone”
Lusitania
German submarine which killed 128 American soldiers
Sussex Pledge
pledge in which Germany agreed not to sink passenger ships without due warning
propaganda
Great Britain directed this toward U.S. media
ethnic support
immigrants and 2nd generation immigrants in the U.S. supported the nations of their homeland in the war
preparedness
gathering up military strength in case of war (advocated for by republicans such as Theodore Roosevelt)
election of 1916
between Charles Evans Hughes (R) and Woodrow Wilson (D) who wins on a platform advocating for peace
Robert LaFollette
progressive congressman who voted against going to war
Jeanette Rankin
the first woman in Congress and a pacifist
Edward House
colonel and chief foreign policy advisor sent to broker peace in 1915
Zimmerman Telegram
a message intercepted by Great Britain that was sent to Mexico from Germany in order to persuade Mexico to attack the United States
Russian Revolution
allowed Woodrow Wilson to further justify entrance into World War 1
April 2nd, 1917
date of the U.S. declaration of war in WW1
War Industry Boards
set production priorities and centralized control over raw materials and prices during the war
Food Administration
persuaded Americans to eat less bread and meat, farmers to grow more wheat, and families to grow their own food (run by Herbert Hoover) during the war
Railroad Administration
took control of railroads to coordinate transportation and standardize equipment during the war
National War Labor Board
mediated worker/employer disputes and was responsible for some workplace reform during the war
Liberty Bonds
government urged Americans to invest in these during the war
Selective Service Act
responsible for the draft
Committee on Public Information
promoted anti-German and pro-war propaganda
George Creel
head of the Committee on Public Information
Espionage Act (1917)
enacted imprisonment for inciting rebellion in the army and obstructing the draft
Sedition Act (1918)
criminalized speaking against the government
Eugene Debbs
socialist leader who was imprisoned for speaking out against the war
Schenck vs U.S.
case that declared that freedom of speech didn’t apply if there is “clear and present danger”
Women’s Suffrage
the entrance of women into the workforce during the war led to the support of this after the war
19th Amendment
amendment that gave women the right to vote (1919)
Great Migration
hispanic Americans moved west, black Americans moved north to take on jobs left by soldiers
Bolshevik Revolution
led to Russia dropping out of the war
American Expeditionary Force (AEF)
fought on western front and was crucial to beating back Germany after Russia dropped out
John J. Pershing
commanded the American Expeditionary Force
November 11th, 1918
date in which Germany signed the armistice
“peace without victory”
Woodrow Wilson’s mantra
Fourteen Points
included: League of Nations, self-determination, freedom of the seas (no U-boats)
Big Four
Woodrow Wilson (U.S.), David Lloyd George (G.B.), Georges Clemenceau (France), Vittorio Orlando (Italy)
Treaty of Versailles
League of Nations, Germany stripped of colonies, Germans pay Great Britain and France, self-determination of European nationalities
League of Nations
to protect each others’ sovereignty and prevent war
Article X of the League of Nations charter
all nations stand ready to protect the independence and territory of each other
election of 1918
republicans gain majority in both the Senate and the House
Henry Cabot Lodge
Republican senator and leader of the reservationists
Irreconcilables
faction in Congress which would never support U.S. entrance into the League of Nations
Reservationists
faction in Congress which would accept the League of Nations if certain reservations addressed (specifically Article X)
Wilson’s Whistle Stop Tour
Wilson’s attempt to spread public support of the Treaty of Versailles in which he suffered a stroke which he never recovered from
rejection of treaty
U.S. final decision to ratify treaty or not
Red Scare
Russia’s Bolshevik revolution led to this fear over the spread of communism
anti-radical hysteria
against anarchists, socialists, and labor agitators
Palmer Raids
arrested people (mainly immigrants) without evidence due to anti-radical hysteria
xenophobia
fear of immigrants (in this case, specifically Germans because of the war and then Russians because of communism)
Strikes of 1919
peaceful shipyard worker strike, police officer strike, and U.S. Steel Corporation strike
Boston Police Strike
officers who unionized were fired —> police strikes —> Governor Calvin Coolidge sends in National Guard
Race Riots
after soldiers returned home, they were unhappy that their jobs were taken because of the Great Migration leading to these events
Note 
Flashcard (36)