Studied by 10 peopleATP
stands for adenosine triphosphate
Adenosine is the base (blue)
Tri- for the 3 phosphates (yellow)
Ribose is the sugar (purple)
How does ATP work?
ATP is part of a cycle. ATP + H2O → ADP + P
(ATP plus water converts to ADP plus a phosphate)
ATP can lose a phosphate, so energy is released, and then becomes ADP (because it now has only 2 phosphates).
\n Then a process, like cellular respiration, can provide the energy needed to add a phosphate to ADP to make ATP again
How do animals get ATP?
During cellular respiration, animals break down the glucose they consume to make ATP.
What organisms need ATP?
all organisms, including plants, animals, fungi, protists, bacteria and archaea, need to make ATP.
What is cellular respiration?
a metabolic process. The cells break down the glucose molecule to convert its stored biochemical energy into Adenosine triphosphate (ATP).
What are the steps of aerobic respiration?
Glycolysis, Krebs Cycle and the Electron Transport Chain (ETC).
Cellular respiration equation
C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O
What does C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O
mean?
Glucose + Oxygen → Carbon Dioxide + Water + ATP
Where does glycolysis take place?
The cytoplasm
Glycolysis
This is the first step of cellular respiration and takes place in the cytoplasm of the cell. During glycolysis, glucose is broken down into two molecules of pyruvic acid and two NADH molecules.
Where does the Krebs cycle take place?
the mitochondria
What is the Krebs cycle?
a chain of reactions occurring in the mitochondria, through which almost all living cells produce energy in aerobic respiration. It uses oxygen and gives out water and carbon dioxide as products.
Where does the Electron Transport Chain occur?
Membrane of the mitochondria
What is the ETC?
The final stage of respiration. The parts of the electron transport chain are organized into four complexes labelled I to IV.
All of the electrons that enter the transport chain come from NADH and FADH2 molecules produced during glycolysis and the Krebs Cycle.
Energy is released when these electrons transfer across the electrochemical gradient, thus allowing ADP to gain a phosphorus, making ATP. This process also releases water.
How many atp’s are produced from the ETC?
32
During Cellular Respiration how many ATP molecules are produced
During Cellular Respiration there are 36 ATP molecules produced
What is the main purpose of cellular respiration?
To produce ATP
What organic(made of carbon)molecule is broken down in cellular respiration?
glucose
Where in the cell does most of the process of cellular respiration take place?
mitochondria
What is about the total of energy that is produced in aerobic respiration?
36-38 ATP
Fermentation
Making ATP without oxygen is called fermentation. When oxygen is in short supply, some organisms use anaerobic respiration instead. Human muscle cells also use fermentation. This occurs when muscle cells cannot get oxygen fast enough to meet their energy needs through aerobic respiration.
Alcohol fermentation
In alcoholic fermentation, pyruvate changes to alcohol and carbon dioxide. This is shown in the Figure below. NAD+ also forms from NADH, allowing glycolysis to continue making ATP. This type of fermentation is carried out by plants, yeasts and some bacteria. It is used to make bread, wine, and biofuels.
Lactic acid fermentation
In lactic acid fermentation, pyruvate (also known as pyruvic acid) from glycolysis changes to lactic acid. In the process, NAD+ forms from NADH. NAD+, in turn, lets glycolysis continue.
Light Dependent Reaction
Where: In the Thylakoid (in the chloroplast)(it contains the chlorophyll)
What happens?
Light energy is converted into ATP
What is released?
Oxygen
Light independent reaction
Where: In the stroma of the chloroplast
What happens?
ATP is used make glucose
What part of the plant carries out photosynthesis?
leaves
What part of the plant cell performs photosynthesis?
chloroplasts
In which step is light energy captured and water molecules split?
light reactions
In which step is oxygen gas released?
light reactions
In which step is carbon dioxide turned into carbohydrates (glucose)?
light independent reaction
What is the function of chloryphyll?
it’s where light dependent reactions take place
Products of cellular respiration?
carbon dioxide, water, ATP
The reactants of cellular respiration include:
oxygen and glucose
What organelle of the cell works to produce ATP energy from small glucose molecules?
mitochondria
MAIN product of cellular respiration
ATP energy
T/F: During alcoholic fermentation carbon dioxide it released
true
Note 
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