Biology - Chapter 1

Chapter 1

What are the characteristics of life?

Made up of cells, Nutrition, Respiration, Excretion, growth and development, movement, reproduction, sensitivity

What is “made up of cells?”

Cells carry out vital activities for living organisms to stay alive

What is nutrituion?

Taking materials for energy,growth and development (ex: photosynthesis)

What is respiration?

Breakdown of nutrient molecules in cells to release energy for metabolism (ex: growth)

What is excretion

Removal of metabolic waste products and substances in excess of body’s requirements (ex : carbon dioxide out of lungs)

What is growth and development

Permanent increase in dry mass and size of an organism. Food is converted into living matter in cells → repair worn out parts of cells or is added → make it more complex and change in form.

What is movement?

Action by an organism or a part of an organism, causing it to change its position or place

What is locomotion?

movement of some organisms from one place to another

What is reproduction?

Process that makes more of the same kind of organism

What is sensitivity?

The ability of an organism to detect and respond to changes in the external or internal environment.

How to classify organisms?

First name Genus, second name spesies

What is morphology?

 The overall form and shape of the organism, e.g. whether it had wings or legs

What is anatomy?

The detailed body structure determined by dissection

Main features of fungi?

• Usually multicellular 

• Have nuclei and cell walls not made         from cellulose

• Do not photosynthesize, but feed by saprophytic (dead) or parasitic (alive)

The main feature of protoctists?

• Most are unicellular but some are multicellular

• Have nucleus, some have cell wall, and chloroplasts

• Some photosynthesize, some feed on organic substances made by other living things

Main features of prokaryotes?

• Often unicellular

• Have cell walls (not made of cellulose) and cytoplasm but no nucleus or mitochondria

Main features of flowering plants?

• Have roots, stem and leaves

• Produce flowers and seeds

• Reproduce by seeds

• Divided to 2

• Monocotyledons

• Dicotyledon

Main features of ferns?

• Have roots, stem and leaves

• Don’t produce stem or leaves

• Reproduce by spores

What is athropods?

• Animals without a vertebral column (or backbone)

• Known as invertebrates

What features dro arthropods share?

• Segmented bodies

• Jointed limbs

• Bodies covered with exoskeletons ( outer skin made of chitin)

What are the main features of Myriapods?

• Body consists of many segments

• Each atleast 1 pair of jointed legs

• 1 pair of antenna

What is a example of a myriapod?

centipede

What are the main features of insects?

• 3 part body - head,thorax, abdomen

• 3 pairs of jointed legs

• 2 pairs of wings

What is a example of an insenct?

Butterfly

What are the main features of an arachind?

• 2 part body - cephalothorax and abdomen

• 4 pairs of jointed legs

• no antenne

What is a example fo a arachind?

Spider

What are the main features of a crustaceans?

• More than 4 pairs of jointed legs

• Chalky exoskeleton formed from calcium

• Breathe thru gills

• 2 pairs of antenne

What is an example of a crustacean?

Crabs

What is a vertabrate?

Has backbone

What is example and main feature of a mammal?

• Fur/hair on skin

• Have placenta

• Young feed on milk through mammary glands

• external ears (pinna) visible

• endothermic

• horse, dog, human

What is main feature and example of a bird?

• skin covered in feathers

• have 2 legs and 2 wings

• lay eggs with hard shells on land

• has beak

• endothermic

• parrot

What is main feature and example of a reptile

• dry fixed scales on skin

• lay eggs with rubbery shells on land

• snake, turtle, iguana

What is main feature and example of a amphibian?

what is main feature and example of a fish?

What is the main features of a virus?

What are the five kingdoms

• Animals

• Plants

• Fungi

• Protoctists

• Prokaryotes