(Evidence) Chapter 21: Unsettled Prosperity, From War to Depression

1919-1932

Prohibition

(1920-1933) the period of time in America where the government banned the sale of alcohol

18th Amendment

(1919) the amendment that banned the sale of alcohol in the United States, starting Prohibition

speakeasies

(1920-1933) hidden bars that illegally sold alcohol during the Prohibition era

bootleggers

(1920-1933) people who illegally sold alcohol during the Prohibition era

Scopes Trial

(1925) Tennessee high school teacher John Scopes was put on trial for teaching evolution, this trial showcased the culture war of the time between fundamentalism and modernism

21st Amendment

(1933) repealed the 18th Amendment, ending Prohibition

American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU)

(founded 1920) a non-profit organization dedicated to defending constitutionally given rights, it defended John Scopes in the Scopes trial

Red Scare

(1919-1920) a growing fear of communism and socialism, coupled with an incident where bombs were nearly mailed to politicians, caused Americans to panic and inspired both the Palmer Raids and a wave of anti-immigrant sentiment

Palmer Raids

(1919-1920) a series of raids triggered by the Red Scare that were meant to weed out radical leftists, resulted in the deportation and arrests of thousands of people, often without sufficient evidence

flappers

(1920s) a new, modern style of woman in the twenties, characterized by bobs, short dresses, and a liberated/modern attitude

Jazz Singer

(1927) the first movie to have sound

Steamboat Willie

(1928) the first animated motion picture to have sound

Lost Generation

(1920s) the American authors that came out of the 1920s and World War I disillusioned about the world, and who wrote their cynicism and resentment into their works – includes authors like F. Scott Fitzgerald, Ernest Hemingway, and Gertrude Stein

Harlem Renaissance

(1920s) the cultural rebirth, especially in Harlem, of  African American art, literature, and music as a result of the Great Migration

The Great Gatsby

(1925) a work from Lost Generation writer F. Scott Fitzgerald that reflects the disillusionment and cynicism of the writers of his era

Solid South

(1870s-1960s) the group of Democratic states in the South that consistently voted blue in order to push a Native, Protestant, white supremacist agenda

Tulsa Race Massacre

(1921) whites in Tulsa, Oklahoma attacked the prosperous African-American community in the Greenwood neighbhorhood, burning down the street and killing dozens of African Americans

Teapot Dome Scandal

(1921-1924) a corruption scandal under President Harding in which it was discovered that the Secretary of the Interior, Albert B. Fall, was giving rights to U.S. Navy oil to businessmen for his own profit – ultimately, this would lead to other branches of government cracking down on government corruption

imperialism

extending power and control over a foreign territory, especially by direct territorial acquisition or by gaining political and economic control of another area, usually by force

Nativism

the belief that American-born people, especially those of Anglo-Saxon descent, are superior to immigrants

Newlands Resolution

(1898) the formal annexation of the territory of Hawaii

Hay-Herrán Treaty

(1903) gave the United States rights to the land surrounding what would be the Panama Canal

Armistice Day

(1918) the day the truce to end World War I was signed

Versailles Treaty

(1919) the treaty that officially ended World War I, and that placed an extremely heavy penalty on Germany, establishing the conditions that would eventually cause World War II

influenza pandemic

(1918-1920) the disastrous international flu epidemic that affected a quarter of the U.S. and killed millions worldwide

National Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA)

(1890-1920) a woman’s suffrage group founded by Elizabeth Cady Stanton that was instrumental in passing the 19th Amendment