Studied by 70 peopleWhich of the following specialties might focus on studying all of the structures of the ankle and foot? A. microscopic anatomy B. muscle anatomy C. regional anatomy D. systemic anatomy
regional anatomy
A scientist wants to study how the body uses foods and fluids during a marathon run. This scientist is most likely a(n) ________. A. exercise physiologist B. microscopic anatomist C. regional physiologist D. systemic anatomist
exercise physiologist
The smallest independently functioning biological unit of an organism is a(n) ________. A. cell B. molecule C. organ D. tissue
cell
A collection of similar tissues that performs a specific function is an ________. A. Organ 2. Organelle 3. Organism 4. Organ System
Organ
The body system responsible for structural support and movement is the ________. A. Cardiovascular B. Endocrine C. Muscular D. Skeletal
Skeletal
Metabolism can be defined as the ________. A. adjustment by an organism to external or internal changes B. process whereby all unspecialized cells become specialized to perform distinct functions C. process whereby new cells are formed to replace worn-out cells D. Sum of all chemical reactions in an organism
Sum of all chemical reactions in an organism
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is an important molecule because it ________. A. is the result of catabolism B. release energy in uncontrolled bursts C. stores energy for use by body cells D. All of the above
stores energy for use by body cells
Cancer cells can be characterized as "generic" cells that perform no specialized body function. Thus cancer cells lack ________. A. differentiation B. reproduction C. responsiveness D. both reproduction and responsiveness
differentiation
Humans have the most urgent need for a continuous supply of ________. A. food B. nitrogen C. oxygen D. water
oxygen
Which of the following statements about nutrients is true? A. All classes of nutrients are essential to human survival. B. Because the body cannot store any micronutrients, they need to be consumed nearly every day. C. Carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins are micronutrients. D. Macronutrients are vitamins and minerals.
all classes of nutrients are essential to human survival
.J. is stuck in their car during a bitterly cold blizzard. Their body responds to the cold by ________. A. increasing the blood to the hands and feet B. becoming lethargic to conserve heat C. breaking down stored energy D. significantly increasing blood oxygen levels
breaking down stored energy
After you eat lunch, nerve cells in your stomach respond to the distension (the stimulus) resulting from the food. They relay this information to ________. A. a control center B. a set point C. effectors D. sensors
control center
Stimulation of the heat-loss center causes ________. A. blood vessels in the skin to constrict B. breathing to become slow and shallow C. sweat glands to increase their output D. All of the above
sweat glands to increase their output
Which of the following is an example of a normal physiologic process that uses a positive feedback loop? A.blood pressure regulation B. childbirth C. regulation of fluid balance D. temperature regulation
childbirth
What is the position of the body when it is in the "normal anatomical position?" A. The person is prone with upper limbs, including palms, touching sides and lower limbs touching at sides. B. The person is standing facing the observer, with upper limbs extended out at a ninety-degree angle from the torso and lower limbs in a wide stance with feet pointing laterally C. The person is supine with upper limbs, including palms, touching sides and lower limbs touching at sides. D. None of the above
None of the Above
To make a banana split, you halve a banana into two long, thin, right and left sides along the ________. A. coronal plane B. longitudinal plane C. midsagittal plane D. transverse plane
longitudinal
The lumbar region is ________. A. inferior to the gluteal region B. inferior to the umbilical region C. superior to the cervical region D. superior to the popliteal region
superior to the popliteal region
The heart is within the ________. A. Cranial cavity B. mediastinum C. posterior (dorsal) cavity D. All of the above
mediastinum
In 1901, Wilhelm Röntgen was the first person to win the Nobel Prize for physics. For what discovery did he win? A. nuclear physics B. radiopharmaceuticals C. the link between radiation and cancer D. X-rays
x-rays
Which of the following imaging techniques would be best to use to study the uptake of nutrients by rapidly multiplying cancer cells? A. CT B. MRI C. PET D. ultrasonography
PET
Which of the following imaging studies can be used most safely during pregnancy? A. CT scans B. PET scans C. ultrasounds D. X-rays
ultrasounds
What are two major disadvantages of MRI scans? A. release of radiation and poor quality images B. high cost and the need for shielding from the magnetic signals C. can only view metabolically active tissues and inadequate availability of equipment D. release of radiation and the need for a patient to be confined to metal tube for up to 30 minutes
high cost and the need for shielding from the magnetic signals
Which of the following is not a type of tissue? A. muscle B. nervous C. embryonic D. epithelial
embryonic
The process by which a less specialized cell matures into a more specialized cell is called ________. A.differentiation B. maturation C. modification D. specialization
differentiation
Differentiated cells in a developing embryo derive from ________. A. endothelium, mesothelium, and epithelium B. ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm C. connective tissue, epithelial tissue, and muscle tissue D. epidermis, mesoderm, and endothelium
ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm
Which of the following lines the body cavities exposed to the external environment? A. mesothelium B. lamina propria C. mesenteries D. mucosa
mucosa
In observing epithelial cells under a microscope, the cells are arranged in a single layer and look tall and narrow, and the nucleus is located close to the basal side of the cell. The specimen is what type of epithelial tissue? A. columnar B. stratified C. squamous D. transitional
columnar
Which of the following is the epithelial tissue that lines the interior of blood vessels? A. columnar B. pseudostratified C. simple squamous D,. transitional
simple squamous
Which type of epithelial tissue specializes in moving particles across its surface? A. transitional B. stratified columnar C. pseudostratified ciliated columnar D. stratified squamous
pseudostratified ciliated columnar
The ________ exocrine gland stores its secretion until the glandular cell ruptures, whereas the ________ gland releases its apical region and reforms. A. holocrine; apocrine B. eccrine; endocrine C. apocrine; holocrine D. eccrine; apocrine
holocrine, apocrine
Connective tissue is made of which three essential components? A. cells, ground substance, and carbohydrate fibers B. cells, ground substance, and protein fibers C. collagen, ground substance, and protein fibers D. matrix, ground substance, and fluid
cells, ground substance, and protein fibers
Under the microscope, a tissue specimen shows cells located in spaces scattered in a transparent background. This is probably ________. A. loose connective tissue B. a tendon C. bone D. hyaline cartilage
hyaline cartilage
Which connective tissue specializes in storage of fat? A. tendon B. adipose tissue C. reticular tissue D. dense connective tissue
adipose tissue
Ligaments connect bones together and withstand a lot of stress. What type of connective tissue should you expect ligaments to contain? A. areolar tissue B. adipose tissue C. dense regular connective tissue D. dense irregular connective tissue
dense regular connective tissue
In adults, new connective tissue cells originate from the ________. A.mesoderm B. mesenchyme C. ectoderm D. endoderm
mesenchyme
In bone, the main cells are ________. A. fibroblasts B. chondrocytes C. lymphocytes D. osteocytes
osteocytes
Striations, cylindrical cells, and multiple nuclei are observed in ________. A. skeletal muscle only B. cardiac muscle only C. smooth muscle only D. skeletal and cardiac muscles
skeletal muscle only
The cells of muscles, myocytes, develop from ________. A. myoblasts B. endoderm C. fibrocytes D. chondrocytes
myoblasts
Skeletal muscle is composed of very hard working cells. Which organelles do you expect to find in abundance in skeletal muscle cell? A. nuclei B. striations C. golgi bodies D. mitochondria
mitochondria
The cells responsible for the transmission of the nerve impulse are ________. neurons oligodendrocytes astrocytes microglia
neurons
The nerve impulse travels down a(n) ________, away from the cell body. dendrite axon microglia collagen fiber
axon
Which of the following central nervous system cells regulate ions, regulate the uptake and/or breakdown of some neurotransmitters, and contribute to the formation of the blood-brain barrier? microglia neuroglia oligodendrocytes astrocytes
astrocytes
Which of the following processes is not a cardinal sign of inflammation? redness heat fever swelling
fever
When a mast cell reacts to an irritation, which of the following chemicals does it release? collagen histamine hyaluronic acid meylin
histamine
Atrophy refers to ________. loss of elasticity loss of mass loss of rigidity loss of permeability
loss of mass
Individuals can slow the rate of aging by modifying all of these lifestyle aspects except for ________. diet exercise genetic factors Stress
genetic factors
The papillary layer of the dermis is most closely associated with which layer of the epidermis? stratum spinosum stratum corneum stratum granulosum stratum basale
stratum basale
Langerhans cells are commonly found in the ________. stratum spinosum stratum corneum stratum granulosum stratum basale
stratum spinosum
The papillary and reticular layers of the dermis are composed mainly of ________. melanocytes keratinocytes connective tissue adipose tissue
connective tissue
Collagen lends ________ to the skin. elasticity structure color UV protection
structure
Which of the following is not a function of the hypodermis? A. protects underlying organs B. helps maintain body temperature C. source of blood vessels in the epidermis D. a site to long-term energy storage
source of blood vessels in the epidermis
In response to stimuli from the sympathetic nervous system, the arrector pili ________. A. are glands on the skin surface B. can lead to excessive sweating C. are responsible for goose bumps D. secrete sebum
are responsible for goose bumps
The hair matrix contains ________. A. the hair follicle B. the hair shaft C. the glassy membrane D.a layer of basal cells
a layer of basal cells
Eccrine sweat glands ________. A. are present on hair B. are present in the skin throughout the body and produce watery sweat C. produce sebum D.act as a moisturizer
present in the skin throughout the body and produce watery sweat
Sebaceous glands ________. A. are a type of sweat gland B. are associated with hair follicles C. may function in response to touch D. release a watery solution of salt and metabolic waste
are associated with hair follicles
Similar to the hair, nails grow continuously throughout our lives. Which of the following is furthest from the nail growth center? nail bed hyponychium nail root eponychium
hyponychium
In humans, exposure of the skin to sunlight is required for ________. vitamin D synthesis arteriole constriction folate production thermoregulation
vitamin D synthesis
One of the functions of the integumentary system is protection. Which of the following does not directly contribute to that function? A. stratum lucidum B. desmosomes C. folic acid synthesis D. Merkel cells
folic acid synthesis
An individual using a sharp knife notices a small amount of blood where he just cut himself. Which of the following layers of skin did he have to cut into in order to bleed? A. stratum corneum B. stratum basale C. papillary dermis D. stratum granulosum
papillary dermis
As you are walking down the beach, you see a dead, dry, shriveled-up fish. Which layer of your epidermis keeps you from drying out? A. stratum corneum B. stratum basale C. stratum spinosum D. stratum granulosum
stratum corneum
If you cut yourself and bacteria enter the wound, which of the following cells would help get rid of the bacteria? A. Merkel cells B. keratinocytes C. Langerhans cells D. melanocytes
langerhans cells
In general, skin cancers ________. A. are easily treatable and not a major health concern B. occur due to poor hygiene C. can be reduced by limiting exposure to the sun D. affect only the epidermis
can be reduced by limiting exposure to the sun
Bedsores ________. A. can be treated with topical moisturizers B. can result from deep massages C.are preventable by eliminating pressure points D. are caused by dry skin
are preventable by eliminating pressure points
An individual has spent too much time sun bathing. Not only is their skin painful to touch, but small blisters have appeared in the affected area. This indicates that they have damaged which layers of skin? A. epidermis only B. hypodermis only C. epidermis and hypodermis D. epidermis and dermis
epidermis and dermis
After a skin injury, the body initiates a wound-healing response. The first step of this response is the formation of a blood clot to stop bleeding. Which of the following would be the next response? A. increased production of melanin by melanocytes B. increased production of connective tissue C. an increase in Pacinian corpuscles around the wound D. an increased activity in the stratum lucidum
increased production of connective tissue
Squamous cell carcinomas are the second most common of the skin cancers and are capable of metastasizing if not treated. This cancer affects which cells? A. basal cells of the stratum basale B. melanocytes of the stratum basale C. keratinocytes of the stratum spinosum D. Langerhans cells of the stratum lucidum
keratinocytes of the stratum spinosum
Which function of the skeletal system would be especially important if you were in a car accident? A. storage of minerals B. protection of internal organs C. facilitation of movement D. fat storage
protection of internal organs
Bone tissue can be described as ________. A. dead calcified tissue B. cartilage C. the skeletal system D. dense, hard connective tissue
dense hard connective tissue
Without red marrow, bones would not be able to ________. store phosphate store calcium make blood cells move like levers
make blood cells
Yellow marrow has been identified as ________. an area of fat storage a point of attachment for muscles the hard portion of bone the cause of kyphosis
an area of fat storage
Which of the following can be found in areas of movement? hematopoiesis cartilage yellow marrow red marrow
cartilage
The skeletal system is made of ________. A. muscles and tendons B. bones and cartilage C. vitreous humor D. minerals and fat
bones and cartilage
Most of the bones of the arms and hands are long bones; however, the bones in the wrist are categorized as ________. flat bones short bones sesamoid bones irregular bones
short bones
Sesamoid bones are found embedded in ________. joints muscles ligaments tendons
tendons
Bones that surround the spinal cord are classified as ________ bones. irregular sesamoid flat short
irregular
Which category of bone is among the most numerous in the skeleton? long bone sesamoid bone short bone flat bone
long bone
Long bones enable body movement by acting as a ________. counterweight resistive force lever fulcrum
lever
Which of the following occurs in the spongy bone of the epiphysis? bone growth bone remodeling hematopoiesis shock absorption
hematopoeisis
The diaphysis contains ________. the metaphysis fat stores spongy bone compact bone
fat stores
The fibrous membrane covering the outer surface of the bone is the ________. periosteum epiphysis endosteum diaphysis
periosteum
Which of the following are incapable of undergoing mitosis? osteoblasts and osteoclasts osteocytes and osteoclasts osteoblasts and osteocytes osteogenic cells and osteoclasts
osteoblasts and osteocytes
Which cells do not originate from osteogenic cells? osteoblasts osteoclasts osteocytes osteoprogenitor cells
osteoprogenitor cells
Which of the following are found in compact bone and cancellous bone? Haversian systems Haversian canals lamellae lacunae
lacunae
Which of the following are only found in cancellous bone? canaliculi Volkmann's canals trabeculae calcium salts
trabeculae
The area of a bone where the nutrient foramen passes forms what kind of bone marking? a hole a facet a canal a fissure
a hole
Why is cartilage slow to heal? A. because it eventually develops into bone B. because it is semi-solid and flexible C. because it does not have a blood supply D. because endochondral ossification replaces all cartilage with bone
because it does not have a blood supply
Why are osteocytes spread out in bone tissue? A. They develop from mesenchymal cells. B. They are surrounded by osteoid. C. They travel through the capillaries. D. Formation of osteoid spreads out the osteoblasts that formed the ossification centers.
formation of osteoid spreads out the osteoblasts that formed the ossification centers
In endochondral ossification, what happens to the chondrocytes? A. They develop into osteocytes. B. They die in the calcified matrix that surrounds them and form the medullary cavity. C. They grow and form the periosteum. D. They group together to form the primary ossification center.
they die in the calcified matrix that surrounds them and form the medullary cavity
Which of the following bones is (are) formed by intramembranous ossification? the metatarsals the femur the ribs the flat bones of the cranium
flat bones of the cranium
Bones grow in length due to activity in the ________. epiphyseal plate perichondrium periosteum medullary cavity
epiphyseal plate
Bones grow in diameter due to bone formation ________. in the medullary cavity beneath the periosteum in the epiphyseal plate within the metaphysis
beneath the periosteum
Which of the following represents the correct sequence of zones in the epiphyseal plate? A. proliferation, reserved, maturation, calcification B. maturation, proliferation, reserved, calcification C. calcification, maturation, proliferation, reserved D. calcification, reserved, proliferation, maturation
calcification, maturation, proliferation, reserved
A fracture can be both ________. A. open and closed B.open and transverse C. transverse and greenstick D. greenstick and comminuted
open and transverse
How can a fractured diaphysis release fat globules into the bloodstream? A. The bone pierces fat stores in the skin. B. The yellow marrow in the diaphysis is exposed and damaged. C. The injury triggers the body to release fat from healthy bones. D. The red marrow in the fractured bone releases fat to heal the fracture.
yellow marrow in the diaphysis is exposed and damaged
In a compound fracture, ________. A. the break occurs at an angle to the bone B. the broken bone does not tear the skin C. one fragment of broken bone is compressed into the other D. broken bone pierces the skin
broken bone pierces the skin
The internal and external calli are replaced by ________. hyaline cartilage trabecular bone osteogenic cells osteoclasts
trabecular bone
The first type of bone to form during fracture repair is ________ bone. compact lamellar spongy dense
spongy
Wolff's law, which describes the effect of mechanical forces in bone modeling/remodeling, would predict that ________ a right-handed pitcher will have thicker bones in his right arm compared to his left. a right-handed cyclist will have thicker bones in her right leg compared to her left. a broken bone will heal thicker than it was before the fracture. a bed-ridden patient will have thicker bones than an athlete.
a right-handed pitcher will have thicker bones in his right arm compared to his left
Calcium cannot be absorbed from the small intestine if ________ is lacking. vitamin D vitamin K calcitonin fluoride
vitamin D
Which one of the following foods is best for bone health? carrots liver leafy green vegetables oranges
leafy green vegetables
Note
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