Lecture 14: Immune System Components and Their Derived Drugs

B cell, T cell

adaptive immunity

dendritic cell/APC

intermediate cells that signal B and T cells to begin

natural killer cells, granulocytes, monocytes/macrophages

innate immunity

Cesar Milstein, Georges Kohler

developers of monoclonal antibody technology

plasma cell / mature antibody producing B cell

• produce single antibody type per cell

• short-lived

• requires growth/survival signals

myeloma cell / cancerous B cell

• usually don’t produce functional antibody BUT have machinery

• immortal

• grow autonomously clonal

plasma cell + myeloma cell

components of hybridoma cell

hybridoma cell

• grow autonomously

• produce one type of antibody

mouse hybridoma DNA + human B cell DNA

chimeric monoclonal antibody components

-momab

murine monoclonal antibodies

-ximab

chimeric monoclonal antibodies

-zumab

humanized monoclonal antibodies

-umab

human monoclonal antibodies

XenoMouse, HuMAb Mouse, KyMouse, OmniRat

examples of commercially available mice with humanized immune systems

naive library

donor (man) → B-cells → genetic info → display library

immune library

immune donor (man + rat) → B cells → genetic info → display library

synthetic library

design (computer) → synthesis → genetic info → display library

semi-synthetic library

design (man + computer) → B-cells → genetic info → display library

Infliximab, rituximub, cetuximab, abciximab

chimeric antibodies

toxilizumab, efilizumab, pertuzumab, trastizumab

humanized antibodies

guselkumab, atezolizumab, adalimumab, emapalumab

human antibodies - phage

ustekinumab, ipilimumab, nivolumab, sexukinumab

human antibodies - engineered