Gross Anatomy Exam 3 OINAs

splenius capitis origin

nuchal ligament, and spinous process of lower cervical and upper thoracic

splenius capitis insertion

mastoid process and superior nuchal line of occipital bone

splenius capitis innervation

segmentally by posterior rami

splenius capitis action

bilaterally- extends/ hyperextends neck

unilaterally- laterally flexes and rotates head to same side

splenius cervicis origin

nuchal ligament and spinous process of upper thoracic vertebrae

splenius cervicis insertion

transverse process of upper cervical vertebrae

splenius cervicis innervation

segmentally by posterior rami

splenius cervicis action

bilaterally- extends/hyperextends neck

unilaterally- laterally flexes and rotates head and neck to same side

iliocostalis origin

sacrum, iliac crest

iliocostalis insertion

angle of ribs

iliocostalis innervation

segmentally by posterior rami

iliocostalis action

extend/laterally bend vertebral column

longissimus origin

sacrum, iliac crest, spinous processes of sacrum and lumbar vertebrae

longissimus insertion

transverse processes of vertebrae, between angle and tubercles of ribs

longissimus innervation

segmentally by posterior rami

longissius action

extend/laterally bend vertebral column; extends head

spinalis origin

sacrum, iliac crest, spinous process of sacrum and lumbar vertebrae

spinalis insertion

spinous processes of vertebrae

spinalis innervation

segmentally by posterior rami

spinalis action

extend/laterally bend vertebral column

semispinalis origin

transverse processes of cervical and thoracic vertebrae

semispinalis insertion

occipital bone, spinous processes; spans 4-6 segments

semispinalis innervation

segmentally by posterior rami

semispinalis action

extends head and thoracic/cervical region of vertebral column

multifidus origin

sacrum, ilium, mammillary (L1-L5)/ transverse (T1-T12)/ articular (C4-C7) processes of vertebrae

multifidus insertion

spinous processes; spans 2-4 segments

multifidus innervation

segmentally by posterior rami

multifidus action

stabilizes vertebrae

rotatores insertion

lamina and spinous process of vertebra 1-2 segments above

rotatores origin

transverse process of vertebrae; most well developed in thoracic region

rotatores innervation

segmentally by posterior rami

rotatores action

stabilizes vertebrae

levatores costarum origin

tips of transverse processes

levatores costarum insertion

between tubercle and angle of ribs below

levatores costarum innervation

segmentally by posterior rami

levatores costarum action

elevates ribs (assists with respiration)

interspinales location

between spinous processes of adjacent vertebrae

intertransversii location

between transverse processes of adjacent vertebrae

rectus capitis posterior minor origin

posterior arch of C1

rectus capitis posterior minor insertion

inferior nuchal line of occipital bone

rectus capitis posterior minor innervation

suboccipital nerve

rectus capitis posterior minor action

unilaterally- rotates head

bilaterally- extends head

rectus capitis posterior major origin

spinous process of C2

rectus capitis posterior major insertion

inferior nuchal line of occipital bone

rectus capitis posterior major innervation

suboccipital nerve

rectus capitis posterior major action

unilaterally- rotates head

bilaterally- extends head

obliquus capitis superior origin

transverse process of C1

obliquus capitis superior insertion

inferior nuchal line of occipital bone

obliquus capitis superior innervation

suboccipital nerve

obliquus capitis superior action

unilaterally- flexes head to ipsilateral side

bilaterally- extends head

obliquus capitis inferior origin

spinous process of C2

obliquus capitis inferior insertion

transverse process of C1

obliquus capitis inferior innervation

suboccipital nerve

obliquus capitis inferior action

unilaterally- rotates C1 (and head)

bilaterally- extends neck

tensor fasciae latae origin

anterior superior iliac spine

tensor fasciae latae insertion

iliotibial tract

tensor fasciae latae innervation

superior gluteal nerve

tensor fasciae latae action

flexes thigh

gluteus maximus origin

ilium, sacrum, coccyx, sacrotuberous ligament

gluteus maximus insertion

iliotibial tract and gluteal tuberosity

gluteus maximus innervation

inferior gluteal nerve

gluteus maximus action

laterally rotates thigh, active during powerful extension

gluteus medius origin

ilium between anterior and posterior gluteal lines

gluteus medius insertion

greater trochanter

gluteus medius innervation

superior gluteal nerve

gluteus medius action

posterior fibers- abducts, extends, and laterally rotates thigh

anterior fibers- abduct, flex, and medially rotate thigh

steadies the pelvis, keeps hip from collapsing into adduction when on one leg

gluteus minimus origin

ilium between anterior and inferior gluteal

gluteus minimus insertion

greater trochanter

gluteus minimus innervation

superior gluteal nerve

gluteus minimus action

posterior fibers- abducts, extends, and laterally rotates thigh

anterior fibers- abduct, flex, and medially rotate thigh

steadies the pelvis, keeps hip from collapsing into adduction when on one leg

piriformis origin

2nd-4th sacral segments

piriformis insertion

greater trochanter

piriformis innervation

S1-S2

piriformis action

rotates thigh laterally; abducts thigh; holds head of femur in acetabulum

obturator internus origin

ilium and ischium, obturator membrane

obturator internus insertion

greater trochanter

obturator internus innervation

nerve to obturator internus

obturator internus action

rotates thigh laterally; holds head of femur in acetabulum (stabilizes hip joint)

superior gemellus origin

ischial spine

superior gemellus insertion

greater trochanter

superior gemellus action

laterally rotates thigh

superior gemellus innervation

nerve to obturator internus

inferior gemellus origin

ischial tuberosity

inferior gemellus insertion

greater trochanter

inferior gemellus innervation

nerve to quadratus femoris

inferior gemellus action

laterally rotates thigh

quadratus femoris origin

ischial tuberosity

quadratus femoris insertion

intertrochanteric crest