chapter 10 PE IGCSE Social and cultural influences

physical recreation definition

a physical activity or pastime that promotes health, relaxation and enjoyment

leisure time definition

time spent away from work and free from obligations

sport definition

an activity that involves physical exertion and skill, either as an individual or part of a team competing against another person or team

play definition

to take part in a sport or activity for enjoyment

factors that influence which recreational activities people do in their leisure time

• age + health

• interests

• facilities

• peer influences

• where you live

• social circumstances

• family influences

factors that influence the growth in leisure activities

• advances in technology

• improvement in healthcare

• better awareness of health benefits

• wider media coverage

• improvements in travel methods

• reduced costs of equipment

• more leisure facilities

• increase in leisure time

sports development definition

the promotion of sports activities for the community

sports development pyramid

• elite - e.g olympic

• performance - local + regional coaching + training/competitions

• participation - sports clubs, leisure centers

• Foundation - PE + recreational sports

foundation level

• beginners + younger people

• mass participation

• recreation + having fun

• learning + developing basic skills

• PE lessons

participation level

• organised sporting activities

• being with friends + like minded individuals

• more structured environment than in foundation

performance level

• developing the level of performance towards the elite level

• concentrate on one or 2 sports

• training + competition become more regular

• emphasis is more on being professional than having fun

elite level

• national squads

• government bodies are responsible for performers development

• high levels of support through coaching, medical care, equipment, diet and mentoring

• maintain high levels of fitness

• professional

initiatives to increase participation in a sport

• raising awareness of the sport

• promoting its values

• raising participation by creating more opportunities

• improving access and removing barriers to take part

sports development officer definition

a professional whose job is to identify and to support a planned route for participants and performers through the 4 stage of a sports development pyramid

people who help and individual move up the sports development pyramid

• coaches + trainers

• facilities operators + service providers

• volunteers

• community groups

• local councils

• sport governing bodies

• policy makers

aims of the sports development officer’s work

• ensuring that all section of the community are aware of available activities and where they can go to get involved

• distributing information and promoting sport

• organising classes, programs, coaching, club development and training

• liaising with schools, government bodies, councils and everyone involved in sports development

factors that affect acess

• personal factors, e.g age/gender

• social factors e.g discrimination

• cultural factors e.g family

factors that affect participation

• time

• money

• work

• environment

• media

• social factors

• cultural factors

Age factors that affect acess

• young children → joints not fully developed → cannot do some activities e-g heavy weights

• Older people → less strength + diseases such as arthritis + poor eyesight + hearing

gender factors that affect acess

• gender - females - restricted access to men only + could feel unwelcomed

disability factors that affect access

• physical - lack of provision ( no equipment/support) + lack of disabled friendly transport means

social influences factors that affect access

• family - may not be able to afford equipment/fees/tuition

• school - may not provide facilities

cultural influences factors that affect access

• religion - local facilities may be segregated based of religion

factors that affect participation in physical activity and sport

• access - disabled/older/women people

• environment/climate

• education

• family - social roles of women = stay at home + family habits

• financial consideration

• media coverage - dominated by male sports

• role models - boys influenced by poor behaviour of idols, girls receive little coverage of female role models

• time + work commitments - full time work = less time

• discriminations - minority ethnic groups/the disabled

sponsorship defintion

the support given to a sport, sport event or organisation by an outside body or person for the mutual benefit for both parties

brand definition

the creation of a recognisable image that widley identifies a product and differentiates it from its competitors

types of sponsorships

• individual - Nike pays Ronaldo to wear their clothing

• team + facility - JP morgan chase pays the worriers basketball team

• Event

associations between sports and sponsors

• individual

• team

• sport

• competition

• facility

forms of sponsorships

• Finance - funding from the sponsor allows to pay for training costs → in return performers need to wear branded sportswear

• Clothing, footwear and equipment - to receive huge exposure

• Facilities -