history quiz 2 vocab

Charter

A legal document giving certain rights to a person or company

Joint-stock company

a company run by a group of investors who share the company’s profits and losses

Powhatan

leader of the Powhatan Empire when the English established the Jamestown Colony in 1607. Ruled over 30 Indian groups between 13-34,000 people. Relations between the Powhatan people and the English colonists were mixed. Following the marriage of his daughter Pocahontas to the English planter John Rolfe, relations were generally peaceful, until Powhatan’s death in 1618.

Jamestown

first permanent English settlement in North America

House of Burgesses

colonial Virginia’s representative assembly formed in 1619

Royal colonies

English colonies that were under direct control of the Crown

Proprietary colonies

English colonies granted to an individual or group by the Crown

Bacon’s Rebellion

an armed rebellion in 1676 by Virginia colonists led by Nathaniel Bacon against the rule of Governor William Berkeley

Lord Baltimore

English statesman who projected the founding of the North American province of Maryland in an effort to find a sanctuary for practicing Roman Catholics

James Oglethorpe

English army officer, politician, and founder of the British colony of Georgia in America, served as member of Parliament from 1722-1754, opposed the practice of imprisoning English debtors, believed that people of all religions deserve to live in a place that allowed religious freedom, received the charter for the colony of Georgia as a haven for English debtors in 1732

King Phillip’s War

a conflict between English Colonists and American Indians in New England

Metacom

whom the English called prince Phillip, was a Wampanoag leader who launched the initial Indian attacks that began King Phillip’s War

Pequot War

a short outbreak of violence between English Colonists and the Pequot Indians which a Pequot village was set on fire killing many inhabitants

Anne Hutchinson

stressed salvation by God’s grace alone (The Covenant of Grace). Disavowed the Puritan belief that good works were a sign of God’s grace

Roger Williams

found the colony of providence in present day Rhode Island, expelled by the Puritan leaders from the Massachusetts bay colony

English colonist in Rhode Island who founded the colony of Rhode Island, also founded Providence (current RI)

John Winthrop

first governor of the Massachusetts bay colony, early Puritan leader whose vision for a godly commonwealth created the basis for an established religion that remained in place in Massachusetts

Mayflower Compact

a framework for self government of the Plymouth Colony signed on the ship Mayflower in 1620

Pilgrims

English Separatists who sought religious freedom and founded Plymouth County in 1620

Separatists

English Protestants who wished to separate from the Anglican church

Puritan

English Protestants who believed in strict religious discipline and the simplification of worship in an effort to purify the Anglican church; settlers of the Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1630

Quakers

Members of the Religious Society of Friends, a Christian movement devoted to peaceful principles. They don’t believe in having ministers and rely on the doctrine of the “Inner Light” or sense of Christ’s direct working in the soul. Quakers are pacifists and refuse to bear arms

William Penn

A English Quaker, who after growing disillusioned with prospects of religious freedom in England, founded the Colony of Pennsylvania as a refuge for Quakers and other religious minorities for Europe

Indentured Servant

an individual who agrees to work without wages for a period of time in exchange for transportation to the colonies

Triangular trade

the 3 way pattern of trade that involved England , English colonies in the Americas and West Africa

Middle Passage

the forced transport of enslaved Africans from West Africa to the Americas

Phillis Wheatley

she became the first American slave, the first person of African descent, and only the third colonial American woman to have her work published

Habeas Corpus

a constitutional guarantee that no one can be held in prison without charges being filed

Salutary Neglect

A British policy that allowed the colonies virtual self-rule as long as Great Britain profited economically

Enlightenment

an eighteenth-century movement inspired by European philosophers who believed that society’s problems could be solved by reason and science

Benjamin Franklin

An influential American Statesman, inventor & scientist, settled in Philadelphia where he printed and published newspapers & his own writings, the only individual to sign all 3 principal documents of the new nation (Declaration of Independence , The treaty with GB & the U.S Constitution)

Great Awakening

a religious movement in the English colonies during the 1730s and the 1740s that was heavily inspired by evangelical preachers

John Smith

1.  English explorer and one of the leading promoters of English colonization in America. Helped find the colony of Jamestown in 1607, and served as its leader from 1608-1609. Contributions include creating detailed maps and descriptions of Virginia and New England.