Brian and cranial nerves

what is the brain?

the largest organ in the nervous system, located within the cranium and covered by meninges

what are the functions of the brain?

sensory input, integrates information, controls speech and movement, maintains homeostasis

what is the cranium?

the bones of the skull that enclose and protect the brain

what are the functions of the cerebrum?

regulated conscious thought, decision making, speech, sensory perception, olfaction, memory

what are the ridges of the brain called?

gyrus

what are the depressions called?

sulcus

what is the grey matter of the brain?

outer cortex of the brain, contains cell bodies

what is the white matter of the brain?

inner medulla, contains axons

what is the function of the cerebellum?

balance and posture

what are the ventricles of the brain?

networks of cavities in the brain containing cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

where is the lateral ventricle?

cerebral hemispheres

where is the third ventricle?

diencephalon

where is the fourth ventricle?

between pons and cerebellum continues to medulla oblongata

where is the cerebral aqueduct?

connects the 3rd and 4th ventricle

where is the interventricular foramen?

connects lateral and 3rd ventricles

what is cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)?

clear, colorless fluid found within the meningeal tissue and in the ventricles of the brain

where is CSF?

surrounds brain and spinal cord and between the inner most meninges, central canal

what’s the function of CSF?

absorbs shock and exchanges nutrients and wastes with the bloodstream

where is the diencephalon?

connected to midbrain and cerebrum

what does the pineal gland secrete?

melatonin

what are the functions of the thalamus?

releasing information between the cerebral cortex and the rest of the nervous system, mediates sensation, plays a role in learning and memory

what are the functions of the hypothalamus?

regulates autonomic functions, emotions, and behavior, maintains homeostasis, regulates food consumption, influences circadian rhythms and body temperature, secretes hormones to influence the pituitary gland

what connects the pituitary to the hypothalamus?

the infundibulum

what produces and secretes its hormones? what secretion of those hormones is controlled by?

anterior pituitary and hypothalamus

what is the brain stem?

the oldest part of the brain, formed by medulla oblongata, pons and the midbrain

what connects the CNS to the PNS via brain stem?

motor and sensory neurons

what does the brain stem control?

involuntary functions of respiratory, digestive, and circulatory, hearing, balance, and gustation

what connects the pons to the diencephalon?

the midbrain

what special type of nuclei does the midbrain hold?

colliculi

what is colliculi?

clusters of neuron cell bodies in the CNS

how does the colliculi present?

swellings on the brain

what are the two types of colliculi?

superior and inferior

what does the superior colliculi control?

visual reflexes

what does the inferior colliculi control?

auditory reflexes

what is the pons?

the bridge between higher brain centers and the spinal cord and consists of tracts of myelinated fibers

what is the function of the pons?

relays signals between the spinal cord and the brain and contributes to breathing rhythms

what is the medulla oblongata?

the part of the brain stem that connects the brain to the spinal cord

what is the anterior sides of the medulla oblongata called?

medullary pyramids

what does the medullary pyramids contain that pass from the brain to the spinal cord?

motor fibers

the medulla acts as the autonomic?

reflex center for the cardiovascular and respiratory systems

what does the medulla oblongata control?

coughing, sneezing, swallowing, and vomiting

what is CI 1?

olfactory

what is CII 2?

optic

what is CIII 3?

oculomotor

what is CIV 4?

trochlear

what is CV 5?

trigeminal

what is CVI 6?

abducens

what is CVII 7?

facial

what is CVIII 8?

auditory

what is CIX 9?

glossopharyngeal

what is CX10?

vagus

what is CXI 11?

spinal accessory

what is CXII 12?

hypoglossal

what kind of nerve is CI?

sensory

what kind of nerve is CII?

sensory

what kind of nerve is CIII?

motor

what kind of nerve is CIV?

motor

what kind of nerve is CV?

both

what kind of nerve is CVI?

motor

what kind of nerve is CVII?

both

what kind of nerve is CVIII?

sensory

what kind of nerve is CIX?

both

what kind of nerve is CX?

both

what kind of nerve is CXI?

motor

what kind of nerve is CXII?

motor

what does CIII and CIV control?

some eye movements

what cranial nerves are from the midbrain?

CIII and CIV

what carnial nerves are from the pons?

CV, CVI, CVII, CVIII

what cranial nerves are from the medulla oblongata?

CIX, CX, CXII

how are electrical impulses based throughout the body?

specialized nervous system cells

the brain receives information from the body via?

peripheral nerves

the nervous system is divided into what two systems?

central and peripheral

what is the largest area of the brain?

cerebrum

what is the outer brain called?

cortex

what is the middle brain called?

medulla

which major brain regions are part of the forebrain?

cerebrum and dienecephalon

which major brain regions are part of the mesencephalon?

midbrain

which major brain regions are part of the metencephalon?

cerebellum and pons

which major brain regions are part of the myelencephalon?

medulla oblongata

where is the lateral ventricle located?

cerebral hemisphere

where is the third ventricle located?

diencephalon

where is the fourth ventricle located?

pons, cerebullum, medulla oblongata

CFS is in-between what two layer of meninges?

arachnoid and pia mater

the medulla acts as the autonomic reflexes center for which two body systems?

cardiovascular and respiratory systems

the pituitary is n endocrine gland that is connected to the hypothalamus by a stalk called>

infundibulum