UNIT 2 EXAM REVIEW

REVIEW THE ENTIRE MUSCULAR SYSTEM (HEAD/NECK, TRUNK, ARMS AND LEGS COMBINED)

What muscles are these?

Facial muscles

What muscle contains the Epicranial aponeurosis, Frontal belly, and the Occipital belly?

Occipitofrontalis M

A

frontal belly of Occipitofrontalis M

B

Orbicularis occuli M

C

Levator labii alaeque nasi superioris M

D

Levator labii superioris M

E

Corrugatorsupercilii M

F

Procerus M

G

Nasalis M

H

Zygomaticus major M

I

Zygomaticus minor M

J

Orbicularis oris M

K

Risorius M

L

Depressor anguli oris M

M

Depressor labii inferioris M

N

Platysma M

O

Buccinator M

P

Mentalis M

A

Temporalis M

B

Masseter M

C

Lateral Pterygoid Plate M

D

Medial Pterygoid Plate M

A

levator palpebrae superioris M

B

Superior rectus M

C

Lateral rectus M

D

Inferior oblique M

E

Inferior rectus M

F

Superior oblique M

G

Medial rectus M

What muscle contains the anterior and posterior bellies?

Digastric M

A1

anterior belly of digastric muscle

A2

posterior belly of digastric m

B

Cricothyroid

Which muscle contains both the superior and inferior belly in the neck region?

Omohyoid

C1

Superior Belly of omohyoid m

C2

Inferior Belly of omohyoid m

D

Sternohyoid M

E

Mylohyoid M

F

Geniohyoid

G

Stylohyoid M

H

Thyrohyoid M

I

Sternothyroid M

Which muscle includes the sternal and clavicular head muscles?

Sternocleidomastoid M

J1

Clavicular Head of the sternocleidomastoid m

J2

Sternal Head of the Sternocleidomastoid M

Which muscle includes the Anterior, Middle, and Posterior Scalene muscles?

Scalene MM

K1

Anterior Scalene M

K2

Middle Scalene M

K3

Posterior Scalene M

A

Longus Capitis M

B

Longus Colli M

A

Splenius capitis M

B

Splenius cervicis M

C

Rectus capitis posterior minor M

D

Oblique capitis superior M

E

Rectus capitis posterior major M

F

Oblique capitis inferior M

A

Genioglossus M

B

Hyoglossus M

C

Stylopharyngeus M

D

Stylohyoid M

E

Styloglossus M

A

Superior pharyngeal constrictor M

B

Middle pharyngeal constrictor M

C

Inferior pharyngeal constrictor M

Which muscle contains Superior, Middle and Inferior Pharyngeal constrictor muscles?

Pharyngeal Constrictor MM

Skeletal Muscle

A type of muscle tissue that is under voluntary control and is responsible for movement and posture.

Muscle Function

producing movement, maintaining posture, regulating material entry/exit, and generating body heat.

Fascicle

A bundle of muscle fibers within a muscle.

Myofibril

Structure within a muscle fiber that contains bundles of sarcomeres, helps contract muscle

Sarcomere

The basic functional unit of a muscle fiber, is responsible for muscle contraction. (layers)

Myosin

A thick filament protein that interacts with actin to produce muscle contraction.

Actin

A thin filament protein that interacts with myosin during muscle contraction.

I Band

The light band in a sarcomere where only thin filaments (actin) are present.

A Band

The dark band in a sarcomere that contains both thick (myosin) and thin (actin) filaments.

Zone of Overlap

The area in a sarcomere where thick and thin filaments overlap during contraction.

Lever System

The arrangement of bones and muscles that allows for movement at joints.

Origin

The fixed attachment point of a muscle that does not move during contraction.

Insertion

The movable attachment point of a muscle that moves during contraction.

Agonist

The primary muscle responsible for a specific movement.

Antagonist

A muscle that opposes the action of another muscle.

Synergist

A muscle that assists the agonist in performing a movement.

Fixator

A muscle that stabilizes a joint or origin during movement.

Pennate Muscle

A muscle with fascicles that are arranged at an angle to the tendon, increasing strength.

Circular Muscle

A muscle that encircles an opening, such as the sphincters.

Facial Muscles

Muscles responsible for facial expressions, innervated by the facial nerve.

First Class Lever

The Joint is located between force and load. “Seesaw”: Load, Fulcrum, Force

Second Class Lever

Load and force are located on the same side of the fulcrum: Fulcrum, load, force

Third Class Lever

fulcrum, force, load

Unipennate

A muscle arranged at one common angle to the tendon

bipennate

2 muscles arranged at two common angles that converge to a tendon

multipennate

Usually, the strongest muscles that are arranged at three or more common angles that converge to a tendon.

Endomysium

connective tissue that holds fascicles and muscle fibers together

Perimysium

connective tissue that holds myofibrils and sarcomeres together

Epimysium

thick connective tissue that surrounds entire muscle

What forms tendons that anchor muscles to bone and skin.

Fascicles, Muscle fibers, sarcomeres

muscle fiber

cell in a fascicle

Muscle cells

multi-nucleated and contain mitochondria

T-tubules

action potential to stimulate muscle contraction

sarcoplasmic reticulum

filled with calcium ions to control contraction, surrounds myofibril, releases calcium from muscle