Chapter 5 - The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules

Carbohydrate macromolecules

are polymers known as polysaccharides that are made up of numerous sugar component units.

Hexoses

are glucose, fructose, and other sugars with six carbons.

OH

When a bond develops between two monomers, each monomer contributes a portion of the water molecule produced during the reaction: one monomer contributes a hydroxyl group (), while the other contributes hydrogen (H)

Disaccharides

are double sugars made up of two monosaccharides linked together by a covalent connection.

Hydrolysis

is the fracturing of water (from the Greek hydro, water, lysis, break)

central importance

Glucose (C6H12O6), the most common monosaccharide, is of in the chemistry of life.

Large biological molecules

, including water and simple organic compounds, show distinctive emergent characteristics due to the ordered arrangement of their atoms.

smaller molecules

The repeating units that act as polymer building blocks are known as monomers (from the Greek monos, which means "single)

asymmetric carbon

(An is one that is linked to four distinct atoms or groups of atoms .)

meros

Polymers (from the Greek polys, many, and , portion) are chainlike compounds that include large carbohydrates, proteins, and nucleic acids.

lengthy molecule

A polymer is a(n) made up of numerous similar or identical building pieces connected together by covalent bonds, similar to how a railway is made up of a chain of cars.

carbohydrates

The term  refer to having sugars and polymers of sugars

Monosaccharides

The term  (from the Greek monos, single, and saccharin, sugar) refers to generally having molecular formulas that are multiple of the unit CH2O.