The Heart and Circulatory System

These flashcards cover key concepts from the lecture on the heart and circulatory system, including anatomy, function, and related medical conditions.

What is the location of the heart in the body?

The heart sits between the sternum in front and the bodies of the thoracic vertebrae behind.

What are the two upper chambers of the heart called?

The two upper chambers are called atria.

What is the function of the ventricles in the heart?

The ventricles are the discharging chambers that pump blood out of the heart.

What are the three layers of the heart wall?

Epicardium, myocardium, and endocardium.

What is the cause of endocarditis?

Inflammation of the endocardium.

What is the role of the AV valves?

The AV valves prevent backflow of blood into the atria when the ventricles contract.

What are the two types of semilunar valves?

Pulmonary semilunar valve and aortic semilunar valve.

What generates electrical impulses in the heart?

The sinoatrial (SA) node acts as the pacemaker generating electrical impulses.

What is bradycardia?

A slow heart rate of less than 60 beats per minute.

What does an electrocardiogram (ECG) measure?

It measures the electrical impulses generated by the heart.

What is a common symptom of coronary artery blockage?

Angina pectoris, or chest pain.

What happens during systole?

The contraction of the heart muscle, forcing blood out of the chambers.

Name the procedure used to restore blood flow during cardiac arrest.

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR).

What is the significance of the pericardium?

The pericardium is a fibrous sac that covers the heart and provides protection.

What does a heart murmur indicate?

It indicates abnormal heart sounds often caused by abnormal valves.