316 Part 2 BS

Venous Heart

Arterial Heart

Arch of the Aorta

Upper limb arterial supply

• Supplies blood to upper limb and branches off

• Travels under the clavicle

Head and Neck Arterial Supply: Vertebral arteries

• Vertebral arteries: branches of the subclavian arteries

• Supply: spinal cord, brainstem, brain

Head and Neck Arterial Supply: Carotid Arteries

ICA: Travels to brain via carotid canal

External Carotid Artery Branches

• Superficial temporal artery: Supplies temple, scalp

• Facial artery: Spiral like appearance. Supplies face (e.g., lips, external nose), neck (e.g., palatine tonsils)

• Lingual artery: Supplies tongue, mouth
  

Posterior Thorax Arterial Supply

Anterior Thorax Arterial Supply

Subclavian —> Internal thoracic a. —> Anterior intercostal arteries

Thoracic Aorta Branches

Head & Neck: Jugular Veins

Head & Neck: Subclavian & Brachiocephalic Veins

Jugular Veins —> Subclavian Veins —> Brachiocephalic Veins —> Superior Vena Cava

Head & Neck: Facial vein

• Drains into internal jugular vein

Thorax Venous Drainage

Azygous Vein —> SVC

Abdominal Aorta

Abdominal Aorta Unpaired Branches

Celiac trunk

• Stomach, pancreas, spleen, liver & gall bladder, small intestine (proximal duodenum)

SMA

• Pancreas, small intestine (distal duodenum, ileum, jejunum), most of the large intestine

IMA

• Distal large intestine to rectum

Celiac Trunk

Celiac Trunk Continued…

Celiac Trunk Continued……

Small Intestine Overview

Large Intestine Overview

Superior Mesenteric Artery (SMA)

• Arises below the celiac trunk

• Supplies blood to pancreas, distal duodenum, jejunum, ileum, large intestine (to prox. Transverse colon)

Superior Mesenteric Artery (SMA) Continued…

lleocolic artery —> Cecum, ileum, appendix

Inferior Mesenteric Artery (IMA)

• Arises below the SMA, along the inferior aorta

• Supplies blood to distal large intestine

Inferior Mesenteric Artery (IMA) Continued…

Pelvis Arterial Supply

Pelvis Veinous Drainage

Abdominal Veinous Drainage

IVC & Abdominal AortaThe Lymphatic System

The Lymphatic System

Part of the immune system, composed of lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes & lymphatic organs (e.g., spleen, tonsils)

Lymph Nodes

• Organs of the lymphatic system linked through lymphatic vessels

• Sites of immune cells; act to filter foreign particles

The abdominal wall

• Muscles that enclose the abdominal cavity

• Protects abdominal viscera and stabilizes/promotes movement of the trunk

• Assists in abdominal compression for forceful respiration and defecation

Pelvic bone anatomy

Thoracic cage anatomy

Divisions of the abdomen

• Quadrants (4) and Regions (9)

Anterior/lateral abdominal wall muscles

1. External oblique

2. Internal oblique

3. Transversus abdominus

4. Rectus abdominis

Important actions

• Trunk flexion, Lateral trunk flexion, Trunk rotation

External oblique

Internal oblique

Thoracolumbar fascia

Transversus abdominis

Rectus abdominis

Tendinous intersections

• Fibrous bands separating the rectus abdominis muscle

• Allow for segmented contraction of rectus abdominis

Rectus sheath

• An aponeuroses of the external oblique, internal oblique, and transversus abdominis

• Encloses the rectus abdominis

• Converges at the midline at the linea alba

Linea alba

The arcuate line

• Located just below the umbilicus and above the pubis

• Marks a change in the composition of the rectus sheath

Above the arcuate line

Below the arcuate line

Inguinal region

Inguinal ligament

Inguinal canal

• Passageway through the lower abdominal wall

• Runs from the deep inguinal ring to the superficial inguinal ring

Borders of the inguinal canal

Inguinal canal Anterior wall

Inguinal canal Posterior wall

Inguinal canal Roof

Inguinal canal Floor

Contents: female inguinal canal

Contents: male inguinal canal

Posterior abdominal wall muscles

1. Psoas major

2. Quadratus lumborum

Psoas major

Quadratus lumborum

Abdominal Wall Innervation comes from...

1. Intercostal nerves

2. The lumbar plexus

3. Dermatomes

Intercostal nerves

• The ventral rami of thoracic nerve roots T2 –T12 form the intercostal nerves

• Travel between the ribs

• Inferior intercostal nerves (T7 – T12)
  supply motor innervation to the
  abdominal wall

Lumbar plexus

Dermatomes

Abdominal Wall Blood is supplied by...

Internal thoracic artery

Superior epigastric arteries

Musculophrenic arteries

Inferior epigastric arteries

Lymphatic drainage

• Lymph from the abdominal wall is filtered in the lumbar and inguinal nodes

• Is then drained into the cisterna chyli then into the thoracic duct