Chemistry - Chapter 1: Stoichiometry

Converting from AMU to Grams

Divide by Avogadro’s Number

Atomicity

Number of atoms in a molecule (ex. H20 = 3)

Homoatomic vs Heteroatomic

Monoatomic, Diatomic, Polyatomic (No hetero will be mono)

Micromolecules vs Macromolecules

Less than versus greater than 10,000 AMU

Haemoglobin

10,000 atomicity exactly = 68,000x heavier than hydrogen

Ionic Compounds and Giant Molecules use ______

Formula Units (Not Molecules)

Directionality

Ionic is non-directional, Covalent is directional due to Electron Geometry

Atom vs Molecule

Atom is smallest unit of an element, and does not always exist independently - Molecule is the smallest unit of a pure substance, and always exists independently. Molecules can be elements or compounds.

Compounds must have a __ and cannot be separated __

Fixed Ratio, Physically

AMU

Reciprocal of Avogadro’s Number - 1.661x10^-24 g or 10^-27 kg

Carbon-12 is basis of AMU because ____

Relative Atomic Mass is closest to a whole number

AMU vs Nucleon (Sum of Protons and Neutrons)

AMU is not always whole (it is an average of the isotopic nucleons), but Nucleon number is always whole

Quick Lime is also known as ___

Calcium Oxide (CaO)

Order of Ion Mass

Anion > Neutral > Cation

Thermal Order of Anions

Uni-negative is exothermic, Bi- and Tri-negative is Endothermic

Abundancy of Ions by Atomicity

Monoatomic = Cations are more abundant, Polyatomic = Anions are more abundant

Formation of Molecular Ions

Removing or adding an electron by passing a high-energy electron beam or alpha particles (electron-less helium nucleus, 2p2n) through a gas (ex. CH4+, CO+)

Isotopes

Same P, Different N (Same Element)

Isobars

(Same sum of nucleons, Different P)

Isotones

Same A minus Z value (Nucleon Number minus Atomic Number = # of Neutrons), but different A and Z values

Isoelectronic

Same number of electrons (including neutral and atomic molecules)

Molar Volume

22\.414dm^3 at 25°C (298K) and 1 ATM

Mole Formulas

v/Vm, g/gmol, Number of Molecules/Avogadro