Monoatomic, Diatomic, Polyatomic (No hetero will be mono)
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Micromolecules vs Macromolecules
Less than versus greater than 10,000 AMU
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Haemoglobin
10,000 atomicity exactly = 68,000x heavier than hydrogen
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Ionic Compounds and Giant Molecules use ______
Formula Units (Not Molecules)
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Directionality
Ionic is non-directional, Covalent is directional due to Electron Geometry
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Atom vs Molecule
Atom is smallest unit of an element, and does not always exist independently - Molecule is the smallest unit of a pure substance, and always exists independently. Molecules can be elements or compounds.
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Compounds must have a __ and cannot be separated __
Fixed Ratio, Physically
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AMU
Reciprocal of Avogadro’s Number - 1.661x10^-24 g or 10^-27 kg
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Carbon-12 is basis of AMU because ____
Relative Atomic Mass is closest to a whole number
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AMU vs Nucleon (Sum of Protons and Neutrons)
AMU is not always whole (it is an average of the isotopic nucleons), but Nucleon number is always whole
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Quick Lime is also known as ___
Calcium Oxide (CaO)
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Order of Ion Mass
Anion > Neutral > Cation
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Thermal Order of Anions
Uni-negative is exothermic, Bi- and Tri-negative is Endothermic
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Abundancy of Ions by Atomicity
Monoatomic = Cations are more abundant, Polyatomic = Anions are more abundant
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Formation of Molecular Ions
Removing or adding an electron by passing a high-energy electron beam or alpha particles (electron-less helium nucleus, 2p2n) through a gas (ex. CH4+, CO+)
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Isotopes
Same P, Different N (Same Element)
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Isobars
(Same sum of nucleons, Different P)
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Isotones
Same A minus Z value (Nucleon Number minus Atomic Number = # of Neutrons), but different A and Z values
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Isoelectronic
Same number of electrons (including neutral and atomic molecules)
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