Parts of cell

Cell membrane

Double layer of phospholipids and cholesterol molecules

Determines what substances enter/exit cell

Cytoplasm

Thick fluid made of cytosine

Material cells are suspended in

Nuclear membrane

A double membrane containing holes called nuclear pores

Stops unwanted material entering nucleus - large molecules pass out nucleus

Endo-plasmic reticulum

Connected to nuclear membrane (parallel membranes) rough ER if it has ribosomes attached

Provides a surface where chem reactions can take place and location of important substances

Mitochondria

Bean structures throughout cell

Powerhouse of the cell - chem reactions in inner membranes make energy for the cell from glucose

Centrioles

A pair of cylindrical structures

Necessary for mitosis (cell division)

Nucleus

Ovoid or spherical structure

Contains genetic material (dna)

Flagella

Tail structure on sperm that allows them to ‘swim’

Cilia

Short and numerous projections from cell surface

Moves to shift mucus and particles out of respiratory tract

Cytoskeleton

Network of Microtubules and microfilaments

Creates cell shape and allows movement in cell

Inclusions

Substances not part of cell structure in cytoplasm - varies

Eg pigment in cells of skin

Golgi body

Flattened membrane bags stacked on each other

Modify proteins and package them in vescicles for secretion from cell

Ribosomes

Small and spherical (found on ER)

Join amino acids together to make proteins

Vacuole

Large blob - round structure

Storage of fats and or waste materials

Lysosome

Spherical blob shapes floating around cell

Responsible for the removal of unwanted extracellular matter (attacking cell) or waste