Studied by 1 person
power source, conductor, load
three components of a circuit
power source
a battery or outlet is a
conductor
a wire is a
load
a resistor is a
+
for a SERIES circuit:
total VOLTAGE = voltage 1 _ voltage 2 _ …
=
for a SERIES circuit:
total CURRENT = current 1 _ current 2 _ …
+
for a SERIES circuit:
total RESISTANCE = resistance 1 _ resistance 2 _ …
=
for a PARALLEL circuit:
total VOLTAGE = voltage 1 _ voltage 2 _ …
+
for a PARALLEL circuit:
total CURRENT = voltage 1 _ voltage 2 _ …
parallel resistance
in circuits, which equation uses reciprocals?
+
for a PARALLEL circuit:
1/ total RESISTANCE = 1/ resistance 1 _ 1 / resistance 2 _ …
V=IR
equation for voltage
P=IV
equation for power
charge
absence of elections = positive (+), surplus of electrons = negative (-), or neutral (0); tends to cancel
+
charge of protons
-
charge of electrons
0
neutrons
friction contact polarization induction
four ways to charge:
1) charge by __________
2) charge by _________
3) ____________
4) _______________
charge by friction
when one objects takes the charge of another (touching, movement)
charge by contact
when one negatively charged object transfer half of its electrons to another (touching)
polarization
when placing a negatively charged object next to another forces the electrons to repel from the object (no touching)
induction
when placing a negatively charged object next to another forces the electrons to repel from the object (no touching), then grounding the negative charge to capture it
repel attract
in the F = Kq*q/(r²) equation, positive forces [attract/repel] and negative forces [attract/repel]
electric field
an area in space where an object could potentially experience a force
gravitational electric magnetic
the three types of field
voltage (V)
electrical “pressure”
voltage
electric potential is also called
voltage
potential difference is also called
voltage
electromagnetic force is also called
volts
voltage is measured in
resistance (R)
ability to inhibit electrical flow
ohms
resistance is measured in
Current (I)
electrical “flow”
Amperes
current is measured in
electric force
energy per unit charge
newtons/coulomb
electricity is measured in
electric power
energy per unit time
Watts
electric power is measured in
material temperature length CSA
4 factors that influence resistance
resistivity
every material has its own _______(p)
higher
higher temperature = ________ resistance
more
more length = ______ resistance
lower
higher cross sectional area (CSA) = _________ resistance
increases
batteries in a series [increases/decreases] voltage
parallel
multiple batteries in a ________ circuit have an increased lifetime (replace less often)
series
multiple batteries in a _______ circuit have an increased voltage
internal resistance
resistance within an object which is NOT a resistor, such as wire, battery, ammeter, voltmeter
0
ideal internal resistance for a wire
0
ideal internal resistance for a battery
0
ideal internal resistance for a ammeter
infinity
ideal internal resistance for a voltmeter
no field
in a regular conductor there is ___ net motion, but with voltage ________ is fast
no electrons
in a regular conductor there is ___ net motion, but with voltage ________ move slow
north south
magnetic field lines go from ______ to _____
domains
magnetic fields occur when a materials magnetic ________ are aligned
force on a moving charge
right hand rule #1
field
right hand rule #1 says the fingers are _____
force
right hand rule #1 says the palm is _____
direction of moving charge
right hand rule #1 says the thumb is _____
+ -
right hand is [+/-], left hand is [+/-]
field around a current-carrying wire
right hand rule #2
field
right hand rule #2 says the fingers are _____
current
right hand rule #2 says the thumb is _____
uniform circular motion
circular motion at a constant speed
velocity acceleration
in uniform circular motion, speed is constant while angular _________ and angular _______________ are constantly changing
period
time taken for the object to complete one full circle
centripetal force
the corresponding force (resultant force) which causes the centripetal acceleration
0
work done by the centripetal force
direction
points towards the center of the circle/perpendicular to the instantaneous velocity
centripetal accelertation
the acceleration which gives rise to a circular motion
up down charm strange top bottom
what are the six quarks
quark
subatomic particle which makes up protons and neutrons, among others
electron muon tauon electron neutrino muon neutrino tauon neutrino
what are the six leptons
lepton
category of subatomic particle which includes electron
photon fluon graviton W+ W- Z0
what are the six force exchange particles
bayon
something made of THREE quarks
hadron
something made of quarks
down down up
quark composition of a neutron
up up down
quark composition of a proton
meson
something with one quark and one antiquark
fermion
made of quarks and leptons, non-integer spin
boson
make of force exchange particles and quarks, integer spin
antiparticles charge spin
all particles have associated _________ which possess the opposite ________ and ________
charge baryon lepton strangeness
the ______, ________ number, ________ number, and _____________ must be conserved
mass defect
The difference between the mass of an atom and its constituent parts’ mass
binding energy
the amount of work required to separate the nucleons inside the nucleus
radioactivity
happens within unstable nuclei (are too big or the neutron/proton ratio is too large/small)
spontaneous random
radioactivity is both _______ and _________
can’t
it [can/can’t] be predicted when a specific nucleus will decay
half--life
time it takes for half of a substance to decay
isotope
the same element with varying neutrons
alpha beta- beta-+ gamma
the four types of radioactivity
alpha
this type of decay occurs with large nuclei >82 protons
alpha particle element
for alpha decay, release an _______ __________ and change the _________
beta- decay
occurs when the neutron/proton ratio is too high
same proton antineutrino
for beta- decay, the mass number stays the _______, the ________ number increases, and add an _______________
electron
subatomic particle associated with beta- decay
same neutron electron neutrino
for beta+ decay, the mass number stays the _______, the ________ number increases, and add an _______________
beta +
occurs when neutron/proton ratio is too low
positron
subatomic particle associated with beta+ decay
Note 
Flashcard (50)