CS Illuminated - Chapter 3 Vocabulary

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Vocab for Chapter 3 Quiz

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30 Terms

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data
basic values or facts
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information
data that has been organized or processed in a useful manner
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multimedia
several different media types
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data compression
reducing the amount of space needed to store a piece of data
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bandwidth
the number of bits or bytes that can be transmitted from one place to another in a fixed amount of time
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compression ratio
the size of the compression data divided by the size of the uncompressed data
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lossless compression
a data compression technique in which there is no loss of information
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lossy compression
a data compression technique in which there is a loss of information
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analog data
a continuous representation of data
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digital data
a discrete representation of data
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digitize
the act of breaking information down into discrete pieces
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pulse-code modulation
variation in a signal that jumps sharply between two extremes
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reclock
the act of reasserting an original digital signal before too much degradation occurs
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signed-magnitude representation
number representation in which the sign represents the ordering of the number (negative and positive) and the value represents the magnitude
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ten's complement
a representation of negative numbers such that the negative of I is 10 raised to a minus I
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overflow
a situation where a calculated value cannot fit into the number of digits reserved for it
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radix point
the dot that separates the whole part from the fractional part in a real number in any base
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floating point
a representation of a real number that keeps track of the sign, mantissa, and exponent
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scientific notation
an alternative floating-point representation
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character set
a list of the characters and the codes used to represent each one
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keyword encoding
replacing a frequently used word with a single character
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run-length encoding
replacing a long series of a repeated character with a count of the repetition
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Hoffman encoding
using a variable-length binary string to represent a character so that frequently used characters have short codes
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pixels
individual dots used to represent a picture; stands for picture elements
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resolution
the number of pixels used to represent a picture
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raster-graphics format
storing image information pixel by pixel
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vector graphics
representation of an image in terms of lines and shapres
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video codec
methods used to shrink the size of a movie
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temporal compression
movie compression technique based on differences between consecutive frames
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spatial compression
movie compression technique based on the same compression techniques used for still images