Module 4.5: Anatomy of Synovial Joints & Ligaments

Articulating bones of the skull joint

Cranial and facial bones

Structural classification of skull joint

Fibrous joint classified as a suture

Functional mobility of skull joint

Synarthrotic; no movement

Articulating bones of the Atlanto-occipital joint

Occipital bone and the atlas

Structural classification of Atlanto-occipital joint

Synovial joint classified as a condyloid joint

Functional mobility of Atlanto-occipital joint

Diarthrotic; freely mobile

How many axes of movement does the Atlanto-occipital joint have?

Two axes or Biaxial

What specific movements are permitted by the Atlanto-occipital joint?

Flexion, extension, lateral flexion, and circumduction of the head on the neck

Articulating bones of the temporo-mandibular joint

Temporal bone of skull and mandible

Structural classification of Temporo-mandibular joint

Synovial joint classified as a modified hinge joint

What special accessory structure is contained within the Temporo-mandibular joint?

An articular disc

Functional mobility of Temporo-mandibular joint

Diarthrotic; freely mobile

What broad types of rotations and movements occur at the Temporo-mandibular joint

Gliding, uniaxial rotations, and slight lateral movement

What specific actions are permitted by the Temporo-mandibular joint?

Elevation, depression, protraction, and retraction of the mandible

Articulating bones of Atlantoaxial joint

Atlas (C1) and axis (C2)

Structural classification of Atlantoaxial joint

Synovial joint classified as a pivot joint

Functional mobility of the Atlantoaxial joint

Diarthrotic; freely mobile

How many axes of movement does the Atlantoaxial joint have?

one single axis or uniaxial

What specific movement is permitted by the Atlantoaxial joint?

rotation of the head

Articulating bones of the intervertebral (symphysis) joint

Between adjacent vertebral bodies

Structural classification of intervertebral (symphysis) joint

cartilaginous joint specifically a symphysis

Functional mobility of intervertebral (symphysis) joint

Amphiarthrotic; slight movement

What movement is allowed at the intervertebral (symphysis) joint?

Slight movement

Articulating bones of the Vertebrocostal joint

Vertebrae (transverse processes or bodies)

Structural classification of the Vertebrocostal joint

Synovial joint specifically a plane joint

Functional mobility of the Vertebrocostal joint

Diarthrotic; freely mobile

What movement is allowed at the Vertebrocostal joint?

Gliding of the ribs

Articulating bones of the Sternocostal (Rib 1) joint

Sternum and the first rib

Structural classification of the Sternocostal (Rib 1) joint

Cartilaginous joint specifically a synchondrosis

Functional mobility of the Sternocostal (Rib 1) joint

Synarthrotic; no movement

Articulating bones of the Sternocostal (Ribs 2-7) joint

Sternum and ribs 2-7

Structural classification of the Sternocostal (Ribs 2-7) joint

Synovial joint specifically a plane joint

Functional mobility of the Sternocostal (Ribs 2-7) joint

Diarthrotic; freely mobile

What movement is allowed at the Sternocostal (Ribs 2-7) joints?

Gliding

Articulating bones of the Sternoclavicular joint

Sternum and clavicle

Structural classification of the Sternoclavicular joint

Synovial joint specifically a shallow saddle joint

What special accessory structure is found in the Sternoclavicular joint?

An articular disc

Functional mobility of the Sternoclavicular joint

Diarthrotic; freely mobile (multiaxial)

What movements are allowed at the Sternoclavicular joint?

Movement in all planes, including protraction, retraction, elevation and depression

Articulating bones of the Shoulder (Glenohumeral) joint

Scapula and humerus

Structural classification of the Shoulder (Glenohumeral) joint

Synovial joint specifically a ball-and-socket joint

Function mobility of the Shoulder (Glenohumeral) joint

Diarthrotic; freely mobile (multi-axial)

Articulating bones of the Elbow joint

Humerus with ulna and radius

Structural classification of the Elbow joint

Synovial joint specifically a hinge joint.

Functional mobility of the Elbow joint

Diarthrotic; freely mobile (uniaxial)

Specific movements of the Elbow joint

Flexion and extension of the forearm

Articulating bones of the Proximal Radioulnar joint

Radius and ulna

Structural classification of the Proximal Radioulnar joint

Synovial joint specifically a pivot joint

Functional mobility of the Proximal Radioulnar joint

Diarthrotic; freely mobile (uniaxial)

Rotation mechanics of the Proximal Radioulnar joint

rotation of radius around long axis of forearm

What global actions result from rotation at the Proximal Radioulnar joint?

Supination and pronation of the forearm

Articulating bones of the Distal Radioulnar joint

Radius and ulna

Structural classification of the Distal Radioulnar joint

Synovial joint specifically a pivot joint (containing an articular disc)

Functional mobility of the Distal Radioulnar joint

Diarthrotic; freely mobile (uniaxial)

Rotation mechanics of the Distal Radioulnar joint

The convex head of the ulna rotates within the ulnar notch of the radius

What global actions result from rotation at the Distal Radioulnar joint?

Supination and pronation of the forearm

Articulating bones of the Wrist (Radiocarpal) joint

Radius and proximal carpals

Structural classification of the Wrist (Radiocarpal) joint

Synovial joint specifically a condyloid joint

Functional mobility of the Wrist (Radiocarpal) joint

Diarthrotic; freely mobile (biaxial)

Specific movements of the Wrist (Radiocarpal) joint

Flexion, extension, abduction, adduction and circumduction of the wrist

Articulating bones of the Intercarpal

Adjacent carpals

Structural classification of the Intercarpal joints

Synovial joint specifically a plane joint

Functional mobility of the Intercarpal joints

Diarthrotic; freely mobile (nonaxial)

Specific movement of the Intercarpal joints

Gliding

Articulating bones of the 1st Carpometacarpal (Thumb) joint

Carpal (trapezium) and metacarpal 1

Structural classification of the 1st Carpometacarpal (Thumb) joint

Synovial joint specifically a saddle joint

Functional mobility of the 1st Carpometacarpal

Diarthrotic; freely mobile (biaxial)

Specific movements of the 1st Carpometacarpal (Thumb) joint

Flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, circumduction, and opposition of metacarpal 1

Articulating bones of the Metacarpophalangeal joint

Metacarpal and proximal phalanx

Structural classification of the Metacarpophalangeal joint

Synovial joint specifically a condyloid joint

Functional mobility of the Metacarpophalangeal joint

Diarthrotic; freely mobile (biaxial)

Specific movements of the Metacarpophalangeal joint

Flexion, extension, abduction, adduction and circumduction of fingers

Articulating bones of the Interphalangeal joints?

Adjacent phalanges

Structural classification of the Interphalangeal joint

Diarthrotic; freely mobile (uniaxial)

Specific movements of the Interphalangeal joints

Flexion and extension of fingers

Articulating joints of the Acromio-clavicular joint

Acromion of scapula and clavicle

Structural classification of Acromio-clavicular joint

Synovial joint specifically a plane joint (contains an articular disc)

Functional mobility of the Acromio-clavicular joint

Diarthrotic; freely mobile (non axial)

What specific movement is permitted by the Acromio-clavicular joint?

Gliding and rotation of scapula on clavicle

Articulating bones of the Carpometacarpal (Digits 2-5) joints

Distal row of carpals and metacarpals 2-5

Structural classification of the Carpometacarpal (Digits 2-5) joints

Synovial joint specifically a plane joint

Functional mobility of the Carpometacarpal (Digits 2-5) joints

Diarthrotic; freely mobile (non axial)

What movement is allowed at the Carpometacarpal (Digits 2-5) joints?

Gliding of metacarpals

Articulating bones of the Hip (Coxal) joint

Hip bone and femur

Structural classification of the Hip (Coxal) joint

Synovial joint specifically a ball-and-socket joint

Functional mobility of the Hip (Coxal) joint

Diarthrotic; freely mobile (multi axial)

What specific movements are permitted by the Hip (Coxal) joint?

Flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, rotation, and circumduction of the thigh

Articulating bones of the Sacroiliac joint

Sacrum and coal bone

Structural classification of Sacroiliac joint

Synovial joint specifically a plane joint

Functional mobility of the Sacroiliac joint

Diarthrotic (in children); becomes amphiarthrotic/synarthrotic (in adults).

How does movement change at the Sacroiliac joint during pregnancy?

It becomes more mobile

Articulating bones of the Pubic Symphysis

The pubic bones

Structural classification of the Pubic Symphysis

Cartilaginous joint specifically a symphysis

Functional mobility of the Pubic Symphysis

Amphiarthrotic joint; limited movement

What movement/change occurs at the Pubic Symphysis?

Slight movement which is enhanced during pregnancy

Articulating bones of the Knee (tibiofemoral) joint

Femur and tibia

Structural classification of the Knee (Tibiofemural) joint

Synovial joint specifically a modified hinge joint

Functional mobility of the Knee (Tibiofemural) joint

Diarthrotic; freely mobile (biaxial)

What specific movement is permitted by the Knee (Tibiofemural) joint?

flexion, extension of leg, some rotation allowed in flexed position

Articulating bones of the Knee (Femoropatellar) joint

Femur and patella