Chem Vocab - Ionic, Covalent, and Metallic Bonds Exam

Ion

atoms that contain an uneven number of protons and electrons which results in and overall positive or negative charge

How do Ions form?

an ion forms when an atom or group of atoms loses or gains electrons (protons do not change )

cation

atoms that contain a positive charge

How are cations formed?

formed when an atom loses one or more valence electrons, aka, there are more protons then electrons

Anions

any atom or atoms with a negative charge

how are anions formed?

formed when atoms gain one or more valence electron, aka, there are more electrons than protons

valence electrons

the electrons in the highest occupied energy level of an element’s atoms

octet rule

states that in forming compounds, atoms tend to gain, lose, or share electrons in order to achieve the electron configuration of a noble gas (i.e. full outer shell/8 valence electrons)

octet

set of eight

binary ionic compound

a binary compound consisting of two different elements - one of which is a metal and the other is a nonmetal

5 main properties of ionic compounds

they are solid at room temp (mostly white powders), HIGH melting points due to strong ionic bond, GOOD CONDUCTORS when dissolved or melted, MUST BE ELECTRICALLY NEUTRAL, must be written as the formula unit FU: lowest whole number ratio

alloy

mixture of at least 2 elements with at least one being a metal (mixture of metals)

malleable

the ability for a metal or metal alloy to be formed into a variety of shapes (compressed)

ductile

the physical property of the metal which means if we pull the metal it's going to stretch rather than break (stretched)

Metallic Bond

attraction between metallic cations and free-flowing valence electrons

Physical traits of metallic bonding

ductile, malleable, good conductor

Covalent compounds

VSERP Theory

to predict the shape of molecules with more than 2 atoms; VALENCE-SHELL, ELECTRON-PAIR REPULSION, since electrons repel each other, electron pairs will be as far apart as possible

molecule

A group of two or more atoms of the same or different elements that are chemically bonded together

diatomic molecule

molecules that contain only two atoms bonded to one another - 7 diatomic molecules: H2,N2,O2,F2,Br2,Cl2,I2

molecular compound

Molecular compounds, or molecules, are composed of two or more nonmetal atoms that share electrons with one another in a covalent bond