Exam 3: Book Questions

A serous membrane that lines the abdominal cavity and forms a protective cover for many abdomiinal structures is the:

peritoneum

What part of the small intestine forms a C-shaped curve around the head of the pancreas?

duodenum

Peristalsis of intestinal contents is under the control of:

autonomic nervous system

The esophagus travels a route from:

behind the trachea through the mediastinal cavity

Which of the following organs is part of the alimentary tract?

stomach

The most superior part of the stomach is the:

fundus

Which of the following is true regarding the stomach?

very little absorption takes place in the stomach

The appendix is an extension of the:

large intestine

When palpating the abdomen you should note whether the liver is enlarged in the ____

RUQ

One major function of the liver is to:

store glycogen

Most nutrient absorption takes place in the:

small intestine

The major function of the large intestine is:

water absorption

Conversion of fat-soluble wastes to water-soluble material for renal excretion is a function of the:

liver

Contraction of the gallbladder propels bile into the:

duodenum

Which organs have both an excretion function and function as endocrine glands?

pancreas and kidney

The major occupant of the retroperitoneal space is the:

kidneys

Patient is 7 months pregnant and states that she has developed a problem with constipation. You should explain that constipation is common during pregnancy because of changes in the colorectal areas, such as:

decreased movement through the ecolon and increased water absorption from the stool

The most pronounced functional change of the GI tract in older adults is:

decreased motility

The family history of a patient with diarrhea and abdominal pain should include inquiry about cystic fibrosis because it is:

one cause of malabsorption syndrome

When assessing abdominal pain in a college-age woman, one must include:

first day of the last menstrual period

Infants born weighing less than 1500g are at a higher risk for:

necrotizing enterocolitis

Inspection of the abdomen should begin with the patient supine and the examiner:

seated at the patient's side

Before performing an abdominal examination, the examiner should:

have the patient empty his or her bladder

Which structure is located in the hypogastric region of the abdomen?

bladder

You are completing a general physical examination on a 39-year old male with complains of constipation. When examining a patient with tense abdominal musculature, a helpful technique is to have the patient:

flex his or her knees

A female patient comes into your office with abdominal pain and fever; during the examination you ask the patient to raise her head and shoulders while she lies in a supine position. A midline abdominal ridge rises, you chart this observation as a(n):

diastasis recti

After thorough inspection of the abdomen, the next assessment step is:

auscultation

Male 45-year old patient presents to the ER with a complaint of constipation; during auscultation you note borborygmi sounds. This is associated with:

gastroenteritis

Peritonitis produces bowel sounds that are:

hypoactive

To document absent bowel sounds correctly, one must listen continuously for:

5 minutes

Percussing at the right midclavicular line, below the umbilicus and continuing upward is the correct technique for locating the ____

lower liver border

When auscultating the abdomen, which finding would indicate collateral circulation between the portal and systemic venous system?

venous hum

Percussion of the abdomen begins with establishing:

overall dullness and tympany in all quadrants

When percussing a spleen, Traube's space is a:

semilunar region

Patient is complaining of acute, intense, sharp epigastric pain that radiates to the back and left scapula, with nausea and vomiting. Based on this history, your prioritized physical examination should be to:

inspect for ecchmyosis of the flank

To assess for liver enlargement in the obese person, you should:

auscultate using the scratch technique

An umbilical assessment in the newborn that is of concern is:

one umbilical artery and two veins

Failure to pass a meconium stool in the first 24 hours after birth, along with abdominal distention are often the first signs of:

cystic fibrosis

When palpating the aorta, a prominent lateral pulsation suggests:

an aortic aneurysm

Your patient presents with symptoms that lead you to suspect acute appendicitis. Which assessment finding is least likely to be associated with this condition?

consistent RLQ pain

When using the bimanual technique for palpating the abdomen, you should:

push down with the top hand and concentrate on sensation with the bottom hand

A 23-year old male patient has intense left flank and LLQ pain; patient response to a history of present illness questions that further support a tentative diagnois of renal calculi is which of the following?

"my left testicle and shoulder hurt as well"

Which of the following is the most useful adjunct to the history of present illness when assessing the quantity and degree of a patient's abdominal pain?

appetite and recall of last meal

Flatulence, diarrhea, dysuria and tenderness with abdominal palpation are findings usually associated with:

diverticulitis

51-year old female patient complains of weight loss and constipation. She reports enlarged hemorrhoids and rectal bleeding. You advise her to:

come to the labratory for a stool guaiac test

Patient presents to ER after car accident; patient sustained blunt trauma to the abdomen and complains of pain in the LUQ that radiates to the left shoulder. Which organ is most likely injured?

spleen

Costovertebral angle tenderness should be assessed whenever you suspect that the patient may have:

pyelonephritis

The most common congenital anomaly of the GI tract is:

meckel diverticulum

6 month old infant has abdominal distention and vomiting and is inconsolable. A sausage-shaped mass is palpable in his right upper quadrant, and his lower quadrant feels empty. A positive Dance sign is noted in his record; which of the following conditions is consistent with this patients symptoms?

intussusception

A mother feels a lump on her 2 year old child whenever she changes their diaper; nephroblastoma is a likely diagnosis for this child when your physical examination of the abdomen reveals a(n):

nontender, slightly movable, flank mass

In older adults, overflow fecal incontinence is commonly caused by:

fecal impaction

When examining the abdomen, what is the first examination technique used?

inspection

The presence of ____ should alert you to the possibility of intraabdominal adhesions

scarring

What can cause abdominal distention with hypoactive/absent bowel sounds, no particular pain, dimished DTRs and no palpable masses. What could be the cause of a paralytic ileus?

-diuretics/distention/deficiency of potassium

-narcotics

-hypothyroidism

Tympany

musical note of higher pitch than resonance; found over air-filled viscera

Hyperresonance

pitch lies between tympany and resonance; found on base of left lung

Resonance

sustained note of moderate pitch; over lung tissue and sometimes over the abdomen

Dullness

short, high-pitched note with little resonance; over solid organs adjacent to air-filled structures

A ____ umbilical cord suggests a well-nourished fetus

thick

How should you palpate an infants abdomen?

place right hand gently on the abdomen with the thumb at the right upper quadrant and the index finger at the left upper quadrant

An infant of a mother with poorly controlled insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, or gestational diabetes may have an enlarged ____

liver

True or False? People with apparent diarrhea may still be seriously constipated; some have loose stools around a major fecal impaction and develop overflow incontinence

true