Vulnerable Populations

Flashcards about vulnerable populations

What is sexual violence?

Unwanted sexual experiences, unwanted sexual contact, and sexual coercion.

In 2021, what percentage of rape and sexual assault survivors reported the crime to the police?

Less than 22%

Who are mandated reporters and responsible for knowing the reporting requirements in their state?

Nurses

Ideally, how soon after a sexual assault should an examination take place?

72 hours

What type of nurses have specialized training in interviewing and collecting evidence after a sexual assault?

SANE (Sexual Assault Nurse Evaluation) nurses

What patient history topics should be addressed after a sexual assault?

Personal hygiene activities since the assault, circumstances of the assault, loss of consciousness or memory, physical description of the assailant, specifics of the assault, other areas of trauma, bleeding by the victim or assailant, recent consensual sex.

After a sexual assault, for what are individuals tested?

Sexually transmitted infections and pregnancy

What is indicated as soon as possible after a sexual assault?

Emergency contraception

If a patient misses a period after an assault, when should a pregnancy test be taken?

2 to 3 weeks

After an assault, individuals are often treated for which sexually transmitted infections?

Gonorrhea, chlamydia, and trichomoniasis

HIV nonoccupational postexposure prophylaxis (nPEP) is most effective if started how soon after exposure?

4 hours

How long does HIV nonoccupational postexposure prophylaxis (nPEP) treatment last?

28 days

When should HIV and syphilis testing be done after an assault?

4 to 6 weeks and 3 months

Survivors of sexual assault between that ages of and should receive the human papillomavirus vaccine (HPV), unless previously received.

9 and 26

For what conditions are survivors of sexual assault at risk?

Posttraumatic stress disorder, depression, insomnia, anorexia, suicidality

Where can patients access sexual assault resources?

www.rainn.org, (802) 656-HOPE

What is Intimate Partner Violence (IPV)?

Any actual or threatened psychological, sexual, or physical harm of one current or past partner by the other.

What is a key feature of IPV?

Power of one partner over another

What is an attempt to reduce the risk of escalating violence and may include a signal to alert others to contact emergency services?

Safety planning

What are some long-term consequences for IPV victims?

Posttraumatic stress syndrome, anxiety, suicidality, eating disorders, or chronic pain

What are risk factors for the escalation of IPV?

When the victim seeks to leave the relationship/seeks help/is afraid for one’s life, is suicidal or homicidal, or when the perpetrator threatens to kill one’s self/victim/children/is violent outside the home/uses drugs/owns weapons.

What are some helpful statements to say to a victim of IPV?

"I am so sorry this is happening", "This is not your fault", "I can help connect you with people and resources that can help you when and if you’re ready", "This is not an uncommon problem. You are not alone."

What are some unhelpful statements to say to a victim of IPV?

"What do you think is wrong with you that you get into these situations?", "If it is so bad, why do you stay?", "I would never let anyone hurt me like that."

What is human trafficking?

The recruitment, transportation, transfer, harboring or receipt of people through force, fraud or deception, with the aim of exploiting them for profit.

What are some red flags for human trafficking?

Shares a scripted or inconsistent history; is unwilling or hesitant to answer questions; is accompanied by someone who doesn't let the patient speak/refuses privacy/interprets; exhibits signs of being in controlling relationships; demonstrates fearful behavior/avoids eye contact; is resistant to assistance/demonstrates hostile behavior; is unable to provide their address/ID; is not aware of their location/date/time; is not in control of their money/wages being withheld

What test should all incarcerated females receive at the time of incarceration?

Pregnancy test

What logistics can be a barrier to pregnancy care for incarcerated females?

Transportation, follow-up, and care of the newborn.

What should nurses be aware of during intrapartum care for incarcerated females?

Shackles increase the risk of a fall and a corrections officer may be required in the room.

What should postpartum care for incarcerated females include regarding family planning?

Discuss and initiate contraception

What does the treatment for anorexia nervosa include?

Psychotherapy and nutritional rehabilitation

What is binge eating disorder?

Frequent bouts of overeating without inappropriate compensatory behaviors.

What are the treatment goals for binge eating disorder?

Reducing the number of binge eating episodes and weight loss.

How is binge eating disorder often treated?

Psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy (such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors).

What is bulimia nervosa?

Recurrent binge eating with inappropriate compensatory behaviors at least weekly for a minimum of 3 months.

What are the goals of treatment for bulimia nervosa?

Stop or significantly reduce the episodes of binge eating and the compensatory behaviors.

What does the treatment for bulimia nervosa includes?

Psychotherapy, nutritional rehabilitation, and the use of medications.

What is the first-line pharmaceutical for bulimia nervosa population?

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors