Geo review

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“to write about the earth”

what does Geography literally mean

is the science that tries to understand how the earth works and how humans change it.

Geography

\-to learn about your surroundings

\-relation between people and physical enviroment

\-to understand our relation with the earth

Why study Geography?

\-where things are located on the earth

\-what are the connection between people and the earth

\-how can we illustrate this info to understand it better

The 3 Q’s

Earth physical Geo(natural things)

Earth Human Geo( things related to people such as cities)

2 main focus

* physical
* urban
* social
* enviromental
* economic

5 fields of Geo

town planner, cartographer, Gis Officer, enviromental consultant

What can geo degree get you in

a person who draw or produces maps

cartagropher

cuz its fun

Why learn mapping skills when we have a map

a representation of the earth’s features drawn on a flat surface

What is a map

* exploring
* determining location
* describing the shape of the world

A map is useful in

A **Scale** of a map shows the relationship between the size of an object (e.g. lake or a section of a highway) in real life and its size as drawn on the map.

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What is a scale on a map

show a small amount of land with a great amount of detail

What is Large scale map

shows a big amount of land with small details

What is a small scale map

They are used for more detailed tasks, such a hiking, because you need to be able to see considerable detail about the terrain and the location of trails.

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what is a large scale map used for

They are used to show more general information such as:

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* Physical
* Political 
* Economic  Information

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Another example would be: a road map.

what is a small scale map used for

provides many types of info on a map

General purpose map

physical maps

* map that shows the physical features in the area (rivers,mountains)

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political map

* showes boundaries between countries, states, counties
* also identifies parks, cities, states etc…

general purpose map has

If you require very specific information about a place, **thematic maps** are useful.  These maps are designed to show information on one particular topic or theme.

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Thematic map

1. The contour lines show changes in elevation.
2. A grid system is used for locating places on a map.

Topographic maps show

Geographic information system

What does GIS stand for

A geographic information system (GIS) is a computer system for capturing, storing, checking, and displaying data related to positions on Earth's surface. By relating seemingly unrelated data, GIS can help individuals and organizations better understand spatial patterns and relationships.

purpose of a GIS

* The geographic Centre of the world is the Gulf of Guinea, off the west coast of Africa.

what is the geographic center of the world

* Are imaginary lines
* Run east-west around the globe; they run left to right
* Separate the northern and southern part of the world
* The main line of latitude is the equator 
* Are parallel to one another 
* Are located approx. 111 km apart from the earth’s surface

Lines of latitude

* Are imaginary lines
* Runs north and south, and meet at the poles, or run up and down
* “Long” Long Lines
* Separate the Eastern and Western parts of the world
* Are also called meridians of longitude
* Measures east of the prime meridian for 180 degrees and west of 180 degrees
* the earth's zero of longitude, which by convention passes through Greenwich, England.
* The main line of longitude is the Prime Meridian 

Lines of longitude

at Greenwich, London

where is the prime meridian

* Meridian: Line (meridian) of longitude on maps or globes that joins the north and the south poles and runs through Greenwich, England.  Longitude is measured 180 degrees east and 180 degrees west from the line 0 degrees.  

what is prime meridian

he location of geographic data (lines, points, areas, elevations and numerical data\]such as census information) is digitized, placed in databases, and used in various combinations to create maps.

Digital mapping

*  **words are used to describe the relationship between a distance on a map and a specific distance on the earth’s surface.**  
* (1 cm to 10 km)

direct statement scale

* **linear symbol used to represent features on a topographic maps (e.g, roads, railways lines).** 

line symbols

series of lines on a map that can be used to locate any place on a map;.

map grid

24 time zones

how many time zones are there in the world

6 time zones

how many time zones are in canada