Unit 2 Study Guide: Biochemistry
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35 Terms
Ionic Bond
Formed when atoms transfer electrons then stick together because they have opposite charges
Is the ionic bond strong or weak?
Weak
What is the ionic bond broken by?
Water
What types of elements bond together in ionic bond?
Non-metal : metal
Example of molecule with ionic bond
NaCI (sodium chloride)
Covalent Bond
Formed when atom share electrons
Is the covalent bond strong or weak?
Strong
What types of elements can the covalent bond work in?
non-metal : non-metal
All of the major ____ __________ are covalently bonded
Cell molecules
Examples of cell molecules which are covalently bonded
Fats, proteins, lipids, sugars/carbs, nucleic acid
What do structural diagrams do?
Structural diagrams depict a covalent bond with a line and show the number and placement of bonds in a molecule
What do chemical formulas show?
Chemical formulas only show the atoms needed for that molecule
How many electrons does the “-” represent?
2 electrons
What kind of bond is “H-H”? How many electrons?
It is a single bond and it has 2 electrons
What kind of bond is “O=O”? How many electrons?
It is a double bond with 4 electrons
What kind of bond is “ N with 3 lines on the top and then an N ”? How many electrons?
It is a triple bond and it has 6 electrons
What are the two types of covalent bonds?
Non-polar and polar
Non-polar covalent
Equal sharing of electrons and only occurs between 2 of the SAME atoms
Examples of non-polar covalent bonds
O2 = oxygen, H2 = Hydrogen, N2 = Nitrogen
Polar covalent
Unequal sharing of electrons where one atom will hog the electrons
Example of polar covalent
H20 = WATER IS POLAR!!!
Hydrogen Bond
Bond between partial + hydrogen and partial Fluorine, Oxygen, or Nitrogen.
Examples of Hydrogen bond
In water the +H’s attract the -O’s
In DNA & proteins the + H’s attract the -N’s
What is the most electronegative element in the periodic table?
Fluorine
Electronegativity
Reactive and electron hogging in a covalent bond
Are atoms closer to Fluorine have more or less electronegativity?
More
Water has unique properties that make it imperative for life mostly due to what?
Hydrogen bonding between H20 molecules