IB Physics HL - Laws

Newton's first law of motion

A body will remain at rest or moving with a constant velocity unless acted upon by an unbalanced force

Newton's second law of motion

The rate of change of momentum of a body is directly proportional to the unbalanced force acting on that body and takes place in the same direction

Newton's third law of motion

If a body A exerts a force on body B then body B will exert an equal and opposite force on body A

The law of conservation of momentum

For a system of isolated bodies the total momentum is always the same

The law of conservation of energy

Energy can neither be created nor destroyed, it can only be changed from one form to another

The first law of thermodynamics

The anount of heat added to a gas must equal the work done by the gas plus the increase in internal energy

The second law of thermodynamics

It is not possible to convert heat completely into work

Snell's law

The ratio of the sine of the angle of incidence to the sine of the angle of refraction is equal to the ratio of the velocities of the wave in different media.

The Rayleigh criterion (?)

Two point will just be resolved if the central maximum of the diffraction pattern formed of one point coincides with the first minimum of the other

Brewster's law

When the angle between the reflected ray and the refracted ray is 90*, polarization is 100%

Malus' law

The intensity of light passing through the analyzer will be the intensity of the original polarized light time the sine squared of the angle tilted (KIND OF, but no need to state this, just apply)

Ohm's law

The current flowing thtough an ohmic conductor is directly proportional to the potential difference across it (provided temperature and other physical conditions remain constant)

Newton's universal law of gravitation

Every single point mass attracts every other point mass with a force that is directly proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of their separation

Kepler's third law

For planets orbiting the Sun, T^2 is proportional to r^3

The law of conservation of charge

Charge can neither be created nor destroyed

Coulomb's law

The force experienced by two point charges is direcly proportional to the product of their charge and inversely proportional to the suare of their separation

Faraday's law

The induced emf is equal to the rate of change of flux

Lenz's law

The direction of the induced current is such that it will oppose the change producing it

The de Broglie hypothesis

All matter has wave-like nature(?)

Stefan-Boltzmann law

Relates the power emitted per unit area to the temperature of the surface (with equation) (??)