PLF 1st Quiz

computer system

computer system

is a combination of all the components required to process and store data using a computer.

Hardware ​

is the equipment, or the physical devices, associated with a computer.

Software ​

is computer instructions that tell the hardware what to do. When you write _______ instructions, you are programming.

Application software ​

comprises all the programs you apply to a task, such as word processing programs, spreadsheets, payroll and inventory programs, and games.

System software ​

comprises the programs that you use to manage your computer, including operating systems.

Input ​

Data items enter the computer system and are placed in memory, where they can be processed. Hardware devices that perform __________ operations include keyboards and mice.

Data items ​

include all the text, numbers, and other raw material that are entered into and processed by a computer.

Processing ​

___________ data items may involve organizing or sorting them, checking them for accuracy, or performing calculations with them.

Output ​

After data items have been processed, the resulting information usually is sent to a printer, monitor, or some other ______device so people can view, interpret, and use the results.

Program code ​

The instructions you write using a programming language

Syntax ​

rules governing a programming word usage and punctuation.

Syntax errors ​

Mistakes in a language’s usage.

Random access memory, or RAM ​

is a form of internal, volatile​ memory.

Compiler or interpreter ​

translate your source code into machine language

binary language​

also called Machine language, and is represented as a series of 0s and 1s.

logic

For a program to work properly, you must develop correct _______

variable ​

is a named memory location whose value can vary

users or end users

Professional computer programmers write programs to satisfy the needs of others

Documentation ​

consists of all the supporting paperwork for a program; it might include items such as original requests for the program from users, sample output, and descriptions of the data items available for input.

Algorithm ​

is the sequence of steps or rules you follow to solve a problem.

Desk-checking ​

is the process of walking through a program’s logic on paper before you actually write the program.

Coding ​

refers to the part of programming that deals with writing codes that a machine can understand.

logical error ​

results when you use a syntactically correct statement but use the wrong one for the current context

Debugging ​

The process of finding and correcting program errors

Conversion ​

the entire set of actions an organization must take to switch over to using a new program or set of programs.

Maintenance

after programs are put into production, making necessary changes is referred to as _________

Numeric ​

one that can hold digits and have mathematical operations​ performed on it.

String ​

can hold text, such as letters of the alphabet, and other special​ characters, such as punctuation marks.

Type-safety

feature of some programming languages that prevents assigning values of an incorrect data type.

integer

whole number

floating-point ​

(fractional) numeric variables that contain a decimal point.

declaration ​

is a statement that provides a data type and an identifier for a variable.

identifier ​

is a program component’s name.

data type ​

Initializing the variable

Initializing the variable ​

Declaring a starting value to a variable

garbage

A variable’s unknown value

Keywords

are not allowed as variable names because they are part of the language’s syntax.

Assignment statement

this statement incorporates two actions that uses = symbol as an assignment operator.

operand ​

is simply a value used by an operator.

​assignment operator

is an example of a binary operator, meaning it requires two operands

Named constant

similar to a variable, except it can be assigned a value only once.

Rules of Precedence​ ​

Also called the order of operations, dictates the order in which the operations in the same statement are carried out.

binary operator ​

Each of the standard arithmetic operators is a _____________; that is, each requires an expression on both sides.

Algorithm

is a written series of logical instructions which accomplish solution to a problem.

Pseudo code

is an artificial and informal language that helps to develop algorithms which is similar to everyday English

Flowchart ​

shows graphical representation of a sequence of steps involved in a program (algorithm)

​System flowchart ​

depicts the entire data flow from one program to another throughout a system. It provides a logical diagram of how the system operates. 

Program flowchart

depicts the series of operations that the computer follows to generate the desired information. It represents in detail, the various steps to be performed within the system for transforming the input into output.

Terminal​ ​

Defines the starting and ending point of flowchart

Initialization​​

The preparation/__________ of memory space for data processing

Input/Output

The inputting of data for processing, and the printing out of processed data

​​Process ​​

Manipulation of data (assignments and mathematical computations)

Predefined Process ​​

Manipulation of data (assignments and mathematical computations) in function/subroutine form

Decision ​​

Process conditions using relational operators. Used for trapping and filtering data

Flow Lines ​​

Defines the logical sequence of the program. It points to the next symbol to be performed

On-page Connector ​​

Connects the flowchart to avoid spaghetti connection on the same page

Off-page Connector ​​

Connects the flowchart to avoid spaghetti connection on different page

Basic Control Structure​

Used to organize the flow of control in an algorithm​, Also called single entry/single exit structure, there are three basic structure:

Sequence ​

the process is execute from one to another in a straight forward manner

Selection ​

a choice is provided between two alternatives

Iteration/Repetitive or loop control ​

provides a means of repeating part of an instruction without rewriting that part of an instruction